File #2268: "2018_Book_SuccessionLawPracticeAndSociet.pdf"
Testo
1|Acknowledgements|7
1|Contents|8
1|Contributors|10
1|Introduction|12
1|1 The Right of Troncalidad in Castilian Inheritance Law in the High Middle Ages|23
2|Abstract|23
2|References|38
1|2 Family Succession Wars: Succession Norms and Practices in Medieval and Modern Catalonia|40
2|Abstract|40
2|1 Approach|41
2|2 The Visigothic Period and Early Middle Ages|44
2|3 The Will|45
2|4 Gifts Mortis Causa|54
2|5 Trustworthy Inheritance, Contractual Succession and the Fideicommissum|58
2|6 The Legal Context: The Most Significant Characteristics of Medieval and Modern-Era Catalan Law|61
2|7 Marriage Systems in Catalonia, Inheritance Systems and the Construction of a Society of Households|65
2|8 The Different Kinds of Succession: Voluntary (Testate and Contractual) and Legal|67
2|9 The Central Principles of Testate Succession|69
2|10 Succession Legislation and Practice|71
3|10.1 Testament and Last Will: Institution, Preterition and Disinheritance|71
3|10.2 The Stem Family in the Intestate Succession of Prepubescents and in Pupillary Substitution|72
2|11 Fideicommissary Substitution: Testamentary and Contractual|75
3|11.1 Fiduciary Inheritance|75
2|12 Contractual Succession—Marriage Settlements: The Primordial Document for the Development of Households|76
3|12.1 Marriage and the Different Clauses of the Marriage Settlements|78
3|12.2 The Heretament|79
2|13 The Dowry|82
2|14 The Other Excluded Elements: The Non-Heirs and Their Legitime|85
2|15 The Widow of the Head of Household|87
2|16 Conclusion: Exceptional Moments of Catalan Civil Legislation|90
2|17 Annex: Abbreviations|91
2|References|92
1|3 Actiones Hereditariae. Claims in Favour of, and Against Heirs in Medieval Ius Commune|97
2|Abstract|97
2|1 Introduction|97
2|2 Claims Connected with the Inheritance in Justinian’s Corpus Iuris Civilis|100
2|3 Claims Connected with the Inheritance in Medieval Canon Law|103
2|4 Actiones Hereditariae in the Works of the Earliest Glossators|104
2|5 Actiones Hereditariae in Favour of Heirs|106
3|5.1 Actiones Ad Vindictam Are not Part of the Estate|107
3|5.2 The Action on Account of Calumnia Is Actively Transmissible|108
2|6 Actiones Hereditariae Against Heirs|112
2|7 Diverging Canon Law|114
2|8 Conclusion|121
2|References|122
2|Sources|122
2|Literature|123
1|4 The Ius Decretalium and the Development of the Law of Succession in Medieval Europe. Some Examples from Denmark and Sweden (XII–XIII C.)|125
2|Abstract|125
2|1 Premise, to Define an Outlook|126
2|2 The Decretal Ex litteris of Innocent III: The Scotatio and the Doctrine of Possession|127
2|3 Ius Decretalium and the Development of the Law of Succession Between Denmark and Sweden (XII–XIII Centuries)|135
3|3.1 In Denmark: The Book of Inheritance, the Church Laws, and the Law of Scania|135
3|3.2 The Portio Capitalis Between Local Customs and Canon Law—Alexander III’s Eterna et Incommutabilis|140
3|3.3 Alexander III’s Decretal Constituti a Domino (1171–72)|144
3|3.4 Innocent III’s Decretal to the Archbishop of Uppsala (1206): A Perverse Custom on Pious Bequests and the Libertas Testandi|145
3|3.5 Gregory IX’s Decretal to the Clergy of Götaland (1230): Papal Approval of Ancient Customs|146
3|3.6 Gregory X and the Defense of Pious Bequests and Testamenti factio in Sweden (1274)|148
3|3.7 Execution of Pious Bequests, Evil Customs, and the Canon Law Concerning the Testamentary Executor|149
3|3.8 An Overview of the Role of Canon Law in the Definition of the Law of Successions in Denmark and Sweden|151
2|4 Aspects of the Practice: Notes on Two Testaments (1201, 1203)|153
2|5 The Importance of Legal Doctrine: The Liber Legis Scaniae of Anders Sunesen|156
2|References|160
2|Sources|160
2|Literature|162
1|5 Testamentary Freedom in Law and Practice in Medieval Sweden: Conflicts and Coexistence|168
2|Abstract|168
2|1 Introduction|168
2|2 Enter the Will: Introduction of the Institution of the Testament and Secular Reactions to It|170
2|3 Limited Testamentary Freedom: Models of the Swedish Provincial Laws|173
2|4 Legal Practice and Consent of the Heirs in Documents|176
2|5 Donations, Ecclesiastical Landownership and Medieval Swedish Society|180
2|6 Conclusion|181
2|References|183
1|6 The Evolution of the Scots Law and Practice of Succession: 1300–2000|185
2|Abstract|185
2|1 Medieval Law to Reformation (1300–1560)|185
3|1.1 Heritable Succession|185
3|1.2 Moveable Succession|194
2|2 Reformation to Union (1560–1707)|199
3|2.1 Heritable Succession|199
4|2.1.1 Heritable and Moveable Property|199
4|2.1.2 The Law of ‘Deathbed’ and the Ways to Overcome It|201
4|2.1.3 Protection of Creditors|202
4|2.1.4 Tailzied Succession|205
4|2.1.5 Marriage Contracts with Provisions for Children|209
4|2.1.6 Development of the ‘Service of Heir’ Procedure|210
4|2.1.7 Bona Vacantia|211
3|2.2 Moveable Succession|211
4|2.2.1 The Community of Goods|211
4|2.2.2 The Last Will|213
4|2.2.3 The Office of Executor|215
4|2.2.4 Vitious Intromission|217
4|2.2.5 Will Substitutes|218
4|2.2.6 Developments After the Glorious Revolution|219
2|3 The Development of Scots Law of Succession in the 18–20th Centuries: A Postscript|221
2|References|222
2|Sources|222
2|Literature|223
1|7 Women’s Succession from the Middle Ages to the Modern Era|225
2|Abstract|225
2|1 Male-Based Families|225
2|2 Dowry and Succession|228
2|3 Women’s Succession and Statutory Provisions|231
2|4 A Widow’s Rights and the Dowry on the Death of a Spouse|234
2|5 Women’s Wills|237
2|6 Islands of Happiness|239
2|7 True Equality?|240
2|References|244
2|Sources|244
2|Literature|246
1|8 A Coffer for the Will|249
2|Abstract|249
2|1 A Coffer Holding One’s Last Wishes|249
2|2 Civil Law, Canon Law and Statutes|254
2|3 Veritas and Solemnitas|259
2|References|263
2|Sources|263
2|Literature|264
1|9 Materia Est Valde Periculosa: Interpreting Testaments in Quattrocento Florence|266
2|Abstract|266
2|1 Introduction|266
2|2 The ‘Dangerous’ Case|271
2|3 Second Case|276
2|4 Third Case|280
2|5 Conjectures|283
2|6 The Dangers of Wills|285
2|References|286
2|Sources|286
2|Literature|286
1|10 Disinheritance of Children for Lack of Parental Consent to the Marriage in the Ius Commune and Early Modern Scholastic Traditions|288
2|Abstract|288
2|1 Premise|289
2|2 Disinheritance for Lack of Parental Consent: The Ius Commune Tradition|290
3|2.1 Introduction|290
3|2.2 The Validity of the Children’s Marriage Without Parental Consent|291
3|2.3 Johannes Andreae and the Quaestio Disputata on Criminal Statutes Against Those Who Marry Daughters Without the Father’s Consent|294
3|2.4 The Prevalence of Civil Good Morals: Baldus de Ubaldis Versus Johannes Andreae|300
3|2.5 The Distinctions of the Canonists|303
3|2.6 Nov. 115 and the Disinheritance of Children Married Without Paternal Consent in the Ius Commune: The Point of View of the Civilians|308
3|2.7 Disinheriting Daughters Marrying Without the Father’s Consent: The Reaction of the Canonists|311
3|2.8 Dishonourable Marriages and Loss of the Dowry: A Consilium by Alexander Tartagnus|314
3|2.9 Panormitanus and the Case of Timbor Cabrera|315
3|2.10 The Triumph of the Canonists’ View: Jason Maynus Versus Paulus Castrensis|317
3|2.11 Philippus Decius, Defender of the Freedom of Consent|322
3|2.12 Disinheritance as a Punishment for Clandestine Marriages|326
3|2.13 Conclusions|328
2|3 Disinheritance for Lack of Parental Consent: The Early Modern Scholastic Perspective|329
3|3.1 Introduction|329
3|3.2 The Background: Ius Commune and Ius Particulare|330
3|3.3 The Prevalence of the Freedom to Marry: Covarrubias|331
3|3.4 The Prevalence of Political Interests: Soto|333
3|3.5 The Persistence of the Divide: Molina Versus Lessius|336
3|3.6 Reconciling the Civil and Canon Law Positions: Tomás Sánchez’s Treatise on Marriage|340
2|References|343
2|Sources|343
2|Statutes|346
2|Literature|348
1|11 Quidquid ex Testamento Petunt Scriptum Heredem Convenire Debent. Initial Comments on the Inheritance Transactio from the Ius Commune to the Early Modern Period|353
2|Abstract|353
2|1 Preliminary Remarks|354
2|2 Subjective Limitations|359
2|3 Scaevola’s Passages|362
2|4 A Case of Disputed Inheritance|366
2|5 Some Concluding Remarks|368
2|References|370
2|Sources|370
2|Literature|371
2|Table of Cases|373
1|12 Between Practice and Theory: Succession Law According to Jacques Cujas (1522–1590)|374
2|Abstract|374
2|1 Introduction|374
2|2 A Reasoning Based on Roman Law: The Testate Succession Example|377
3|2.1 A Valid Will: The Example of the Witnesses|378
3|2.2 An Alternative Heir: The Substitutions|381
2|3 A Reasoning Using Complementary and Rival Legal Sources|386
3|3.1 The “French Sources” of Succession Law|386
3|3.2 The Feudal Sources of Succession Law|390
2|References|393
1|13 A Difficult Legacy. Initial Comments on the Inheritance Rights of Filii Clericorum in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period|395
2|Abstract|395
2|1 A Preliminary Question|396
2|2 The Children of Clergy in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period: Conciliar Canons and Ius Novum|402
2|3 Which Inheritance Rights?|408
2|4 The Sixteenth Century: Protestant Movements and the Council of Trent|411
2|5 The Contribution of Jurisprudence in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries: A Look at the Treatises|417
2|6 Conclusions|421
2|References|422
2|Sources|422
2|Literature|424
1|14 Consilia and Dynastic Successions in Modern Europe|431
2|Abstract|431
2|1 The Role of the Lawyers in the Building of the Modern State|432
2|2 Dynastic Issues and Consultancies in the High Middle Ages|434
2|3 Successions and Consilia in the Modern ‘Society of Princes’|437
2|4 An International Affair: The Portuguese Succession|443
2|5 Strategic Peripheries: Montferrat|457
2|6 The 17th Century: Toward the Disappearance of the Consilia Pro Veritate|475
2|References|478
2|Sources|478
2|Literature|480
1|15 Gift Mortis Causa in the Ius Commune: Contract and Last Will|487
2|Abstract|487
2|1 Introduction|488
2|2 Gift in Contemplation of Death in Roman Law|489
2|3 The Ius Commune: Gift in Contemplation of Death as a Last Will|492
2|4 Gift in Contemplation of Death as a Contract|501
2|5 The Third Way: The Mixed Nature of Gift in Contemplation of Death|505
2|6 How to Distinguish Between Donatio Mortis Causa and Donatio Inter Vivos|512
2|7 Conclusion|521
2|References|523
2|Sources|523
2|Literature|526
1|16 Towards a Ius Commune Europaeum on Successions and Testament? The 17th Century Decisiones Rotae Romanae|531
2|Abstract|531
2|1 Premise|531
2|2 Different Types of Will and Principles Shared by the Rota Romana|536
2|3 Interpreting Testament|541
2|4 Conclusion|553
2|References|554
2|Sources|554
2|Literature|556
1|17 Intestate Succession Between Doctrine and Roman Rota Case Law in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries|562
2|Abstract|562
2|References|575
2|Sources|575
2|Literature|576
1|18 Royal Successions. A Special Law for the Inheritance of Power?|580
2|Abstract|580
2|1 Introduction|580
2|2 Francia and France|583
2|3 Canon Law|586
2|4 Natural Law Tradition|590
3|4.1 Grotius|590
3|4.2 Hobbes|591
3|4.3 Pufendorf|592
3|4.4 Emer de Vattel|594
2|5 Iurisprudentia Heroica (Usus Modernus)|595
2|6 Conclusion|597
2|References|598
2|Sources|598
2|Literature|599
1|19 The Difficult Road to Harmonization of French Succession Law|602
2|Abstract|602
2|1 Introduction|602
2|2 The Diversity of Legal Systems or the Success of Practice|605
2|3 Variety of Testaments or the Source of Legal Uncertainty|608
2|4 The Failure of the Attempt to Unify the Law of Succession|610
2|5 The French Revolution and the Achievement of the Law in Inheritance|614
2|6 The French Civil Code’s Solutions|618
2|7 Conclusion|620
2|References|620
2|Sources|620
2|Literature|621
1|20 Notes on the Bonae Fidei Possessio Pro Herede in the Civil Law Systems (19th–20th Centuries)|623
2|Abstract|623
2|1 Introduction|623
2|2 The Transactions of the Apparent Heir According to the Legacy of the Ius Commune|625
2|3 The Legal Status of the Héritier Apparent before the Code Civil des Français|628
2|4 The Scheinerbe (Apparent Heir) in Austrian Civil Law|632
2|5 Article 933 of the 1865 Italian Civil Code|636
2|6 The Latest Arrival: The German Civil Code of 1900|640
2|7 Conclusion|644
2|References|649
1|Contents|8
1|Contributors|10
1|Introduction|12
1|1 The Right of Troncalidad in Castilian Inheritance Law in the High Middle Ages|23
2|Abstract|23
2|References|38
1|2 Family Succession Wars: Succession Norms and Practices in Medieval and Modern Catalonia|40
2|Abstract|40
2|1 Approach|41
2|2 The Visigothic Period and Early Middle Ages|44
2|3 The Will|45
2|4 Gifts Mortis Causa|54
2|5 Trustworthy Inheritance, Contractual Succession and the Fideicommissum|58
2|6 The Legal Context: The Most Significant Characteristics of Medieval and Modern-Era Catalan Law|61
2|7 Marriage Systems in Catalonia, Inheritance Systems and the Construction of a Society of Households|65
2|8 The Different Kinds of Succession: Voluntary (Testate and Contractual) and Legal|67
2|9 The Central Principles of Testate Succession|69
2|10 Succession Legislation and Practice|71
3|10.1 Testament and Last Will: Institution, Preterition and Disinheritance|71
3|10.2 The Stem Family in the Intestate Succession of Prepubescents and in Pupillary Substitution|72
2|11 Fideicommissary Substitution: Testamentary and Contractual|75
3|11.1 Fiduciary Inheritance|75
2|12 Contractual Succession—Marriage Settlements: The Primordial Document for the Development of Households|76
3|12.1 Marriage and the Different Clauses of the Marriage Settlements|78
3|12.2 The Heretament|79
2|13 The Dowry|82
2|14 The Other Excluded Elements: The Non-Heirs and Their Legitime|85
2|15 The Widow of the Head of Household|87
2|16 Conclusion: Exceptional Moments of Catalan Civil Legislation|90
2|17 Annex: Abbreviations|91
2|References|92
1|3 Actiones Hereditariae. Claims in Favour of, and Against Heirs in Medieval Ius Commune|97
2|Abstract|97
2|1 Introduction|97
2|2 Claims Connected with the Inheritance in Justinian’s Corpus Iuris Civilis|100
2|3 Claims Connected with the Inheritance in Medieval Canon Law|103
2|4 Actiones Hereditariae in the Works of the Earliest Glossators|104
2|5 Actiones Hereditariae in Favour of Heirs|106
3|5.1 Actiones Ad Vindictam Are not Part of the Estate|107
3|5.2 The Action on Account of Calumnia Is Actively Transmissible|108
2|6 Actiones Hereditariae Against Heirs|112
2|7 Diverging Canon Law|114
2|8 Conclusion|121
2|References|122
2|Sources|122
2|Literature|123
1|4 The Ius Decretalium and the Development of the Law of Succession in Medieval Europe. Some Examples from Denmark and Sweden (XII–XIII C.)|125
2|Abstract|125
2|1 Premise, to Define an Outlook|126
2|2 The Decretal Ex litteris of Innocent III: The Scotatio and the Doctrine of Possession|127
2|3 Ius Decretalium and the Development of the Law of Succession Between Denmark and Sweden (XII–XIII Centuries)|135
3|3.1 In Denmark: The Book of Inheritance, the Church Laws, and the Law of Scania|135
3|3.2 The Portio Capitalis Between Local Customs and Canon Law—Alexander III’s Eterna et Incommutabilis|140
3|3.3 Alexander III’s Decretal Constituti a Domino (1171–72)|144
3|3.4 Innocent III’s Decretal to the Archbishop of Uppsala (1206): A Perverse Custom on Pious Bequests and the Libertas Testandi|145
3|3.5 Gregory IX’s Decretal to the Clergy of Götaland (1230): Papal Approval of Ancient Customs|146
3|3.6 Gregory X and the Defense of Pious Bequests and Testamenti factio in Sweden (1274)|148
3|3.7 Execution of Pious Bequests, Evil Customs, and the Canon Law Concerning the Testamentary Executor|149
3|3.8 An Overview of the Role of Canon Law in the Definition of the Law of Successions in Denmark and Sweden|151
2|4 Aspects of the Practice: Notes on Two Testaments (1201, 1203)|153
2|5 The Importance of Legal Doctrine: The Liber Legis Scaniae of Anders Sunesen|156
2|References|160
2|Sources|160
2|Literature|162
1|5 Testamentary Freedom in Law and Practice in Medieval Sweden: Conflicts and Coexistence|168
2|Abstract|168
2|1 Introduction|168
2|2 Enter the Will: Introduction of the Institution of the Testament and Secular Reactions to It|170
2|3 Limited Testamentary Freedom: Models of the Swedish Provincial Laws|173
2|4 Legal Practice and Consent of the Heirs in Documents|176
2|5 Donations, Ecclesiastical Landownership and Medieval Swedish Society|180
2|6 Conclusion|181
2|References|183
1|6 The Evolution of the Scots Law and Practice of Succession: 1300–2000|185
2|Abstract|185
2|1 Medieval Law to Reformation (1300–1560)|185
3|1.1 Heritable Succession|185
3|1.2 Moveable Succession|194
2|2 Reformation to Union (1560–1707)|199
3|2.1 Heritable Succession|199
4|2.1.1 Heritable and Moveable Property|199
4|2.1.2 The Law of ‘Deathbed’ and the Ways to Overcome It|201
4|2.1.3 Protection of Creditors|202
4|2.1.4 Tailzied Succession|205
4|2.1.5 Marriage Contracts with Provisions for Children|209
4|2.1.6 Development of the ‘Service of Heir’ Procedure|210
4|2.1.7 Bona Vacantia|211
3|2.2 Moveable Succession|211
4|2.2.1 The Community of Goods|211
4|2.2.2 The Last Will|213
4|2.2.3 The Office of Executor|215
4|2.2.4 Vitious Intromission|217
4|2.2.5 Will Substitutes|218
4|2.2.6 Developments After the Glorious Revolution|219
2|3 The Development of Scots Law of Succession in the 18–20th Centuries: A Postscript|221
2|References|222
2|Sources|222
2|Literature|223
1|7 Women’s Succession from the Middle Ages to the Modern Era|225
2|Abstract|225
2|1 Male-Based Families|225
2|2 Dowry and Succession|228
2|3 Women’s Succession and Statutory Provisions|231
2|4 A Widow’s Rights and the Dowry on the Death of a Spouse|234
2|5 Women’s Wills|237
2|6 Islands of Happiness|239
2|7 True Equality?|240
2|References|244
2|Sources|244
2|Literature|246
1|8 A Coffer for the Will|249
2|Abstract|249
2|1 A Coffer Holding One’s Last Wishes|249
2|2 Civil Law, Canon Law and Statutes|254
2|3 Veritas and Solemnitas|259
2|References|263
2|Sources|263
2|Literature|264
1|9 Materia Est Valde Periculosa: Interpreting Testaments in Quattrocento Florence|266
2|Abstract|266
2|1 Introduction|266
2|2 The ‘Dangerous’ Case|271
2|3 Second Case|276
2|4 Third Case|280
2|5 Conjectures|283
2|6 The Dangers of Wills|285
2|References|286
2|Sources|286
2|Literature|286
1|10 Disinheritance of Children for Lack of Parental Consent to the Marriage in the Ius Commune and Early Modern Scholastic Traditions|288
2|Abstract|288
2|1 Premise|289
2|2 Disinheritance for Lack of Parental Consent: The Ius Commune Tradition|290
3|2.1 Introduction|290
3|2.2 The Validity of the Children’s Marriage Without Parental Consent|291
3|2.3 Johannes Andreae and the Quaestio Disputata on Criminal Statutes Against Those Who Marry Daughters Without the Father’s Consent|294
3|2.4 The Prevalence of Civil Good Morals: Baldus de Ubaldis Versus Johannes Andreae|300
3|2.5 The Distinctions of the Canonists|303
3|2.6 Nov. 115 and the Disinheritance of Children Married Without Paternal Consent in the Ius Commune: The Point of View of the Civilians|308
3|2.7 Disinheriting Daughters Marrying Without the Father’s Consent: The Reaction of the Canonists|311
3|2.8 Dishonourable Marriages and Loss of the Dowry: A Consilium by Alexander Tartagnus|314
3|2.9 Panormitanus and the Case of Timbor Cabrera|315
3|2.10 The Triumph of the Canonists’ View: Jason Maynus Versus Paulus Castrensis|317
3|2.11 Philippus Decius, Defender of the Freedom of Consent|322
3|2.12 Disinheritance as a Punishment for Clandestine Marriages|326
3|2.13 Conclusions|328
2|3 Disinheritance for Lack of Parental Consent: The Early Modern Scholastic Perspective|329
3|3.1 Introduction|329
3|3.2 The Background: Ius Commune and Ius Particulare|330
3|3.3 The Prevalence of the Freedom to Marry: Covarrubias|331
3|3.4 The Prevalence of Political Interests: Soto|333
3|3.5 The Persistence of the Divide: Molina Versus Lessius|336
3|3.6 Reconciling the Civil and Canon Law Positions: Tomás Sánchez’s Treatise on Marriage|340
2|References|343
2|Sources|343
2|Statutes|346
2|Literature|348
1|11 Quidquid ex Testamento Petunt Scriptum Heredem Convenire Debent. Initial Comments on the Inheritance Transactio from the Ius Commune to the Early Modern Period|353
2|Abstract|353
2|1 Preliminary Remarks|354
2|2 Subjective Limitations|359
2|3 Scaevola’s Passages|362
2|4 A Case of Disputed Inheritance|366
2|5 Some Concluding Remarks|368
2|References|370
2|Sources|370
2|Literature|371
2|Table of Cases|373
1|12 Between Practice and Theory: Succession Law According to Jacques Cujas (1522–1590)|374
2|Abstract|374
2|1 Introduction|374
2|2 A Reasoning Based on Roman Law: The Testate Succession Example|377
3|2.1 A Valid Will: The Example of the Witnesses|378
3|2.2 An Alternative Heir: The Substitutions|381
2|3 A Reasoning Using Complementary and Rival Legal Sources|386
3|3.1 The “French Sources” of Succession Law|386
3|3.2 The Feudal Sources of Succession Law|390
2|References|393
1|13 A Difficult Legacy. Initial Comments on the Inheritance Rights of Filii Clericorum in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period|395
2|Abstract|395
2|1 A Preliminary Question|396
2|2 The Children of Clergy in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period: Conciliar Canons and Ius Novum|402
2|3 Which Inheritance Rights?|408
2|4 The Sixteenth Century: Protestant Movements and the Council of Trent|411
2|5 The Contribution of Jurisprudence in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries: A Look at the Treatises|417
2|6 Conclusions|421
2|References|422
2|Sources|422
2|Literature|424
1|14 Consilia and Dynastic Successions in Modern Europe|431
2|Abstract|431
2|1 The Role of the Lawyers in the Building of the Modern State|432
2|2 Dynastic Issues and Consultancies in the High Middle Ages|434
2|3 Successions and Consilia in the Modern ‘Society of Princes’|437
2|4 An International Affair: The Portuguese Succession|443
2|5 Strategic Peripheries: Montferrat|457
2|6 The 17th Century: Toward the Disappearance of the Consilia Pro Veritate|475
2|References|478
2|Sources|478
2|Literature|480
1|15 Gift Mortis Causa in the Ius Commune: Contract and Last Will|487
2|Abstract|487
2|1 Introduction|488
2|2 Gift in Contemplation of Death in Roman Law|489
2|3 The Ius Commune: Gift in Contemplation of Death as a Last Will|492
2|4 Gift in Contemplation of Death as a Contract|501
2|5 The Third Way: The Mixed Nature of Gift in Contemplation of Death|505
2|6 How to Distinguish Between Donatio Mortis Causa and Donatio Inter Vivos|512
2|7 Conclusion|521
2|References|523
2|Sources|523
2|Literature|526
1|16 Towards a Ius Commune Europaeum on Successions and Testament? The 17th Century Decisiones Rotae Romanae|531
2|Abstract|531
2|1 Premise|531
2|2 Different Types of Will and Principles Shared by the Rota Romana|536
2|3 Interpreting Testament|541
2|4 Conclusion|553
2|References|554
2|Sources|554
2|Literature|556
1|17 Intestate Succession Between Doctrine and Roman Rota Case Law in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries|562
2|Abstract|562
2|References|575
2|Sources|575
2|Literature|576
1|18 Royal Successions. A Special Law for the Inheritance of Power?|580
2|Abstract|580
2|1 Introduction|580
2|2 Francia and France|583
2|3 Canon Law|586
2|4 Natural Law Tradition|590
3|4.1 Grotius|590
3|4.2 Hobbes|591
3|4.3 Pufendorf|592
3|4.4 Emer de Vattel|594
2|5 Iurisprudentia Heroica (Usus Modernus)|595
2|6 Conclusion|597
2|References|598
2|Sources|598
2|Literature|599
1|19 The Difficult Road to Harmonization of French Succession Law|602
2|Abstract|602
2|1 Introduction|602
2|2 The Diversity of Legal Systems or the Success of Practice|605
2|3 Variety of Testaments or the Source of Legal Uncertainty|608
2|4 The Failure of the Attempt to Unify the Law of Succession|610
2|5 The French Revolution and the Achievement of the Law in Inheritance|614
2|6 The French Civil Code’s Solutions|618
2|7 Conclusion|620
2|References|620
2|Sources|620
2|Literature|621
1|20 Notes on the Bonae Fidei Possessio Pro Herede in the Civil Law Systems (19th–20th Centuries)|623
2|Abstract|623
2|1 Introduction|623
2|2 The Transactions of the Apparent Heir According to the Legacy of the Ius Commune|625
2|3 The Legal Status of the Héritier Apparent before the Code Civil des Français|628
2|4 The Scheinerbe (Apparent Heir) in Austrian Civil Law|632
2|5 Article 933 of the 1865 Italian Civil Code|636
2|6 The Latest Arrival: The German Civil Code of 1900|640
2|7 Conclusion|644
2|References|649