File #2315: "2018_Book_JapaneseSocietyAndLayParticipa.pdf"
Testo
1|Preface|5
2|References|9
1|Contents|10
1|Chapter 1: Introduction: Lay Participation to Criminal Justice System in Japan|17
2|Introduction of the System and the Interest of This Book|17
2|About This Chapter|18
2|The General Outline of Japanese Criminal Justice System|18
3|From Investigation to Indictment|18
3|Trials|21
3|Participation of Aggrieved Parties|24
3|Appeal and Retrial (Exceptional Relief Procedure)|24
2|The Outline of the System, Saiban-in System|25
3|What Is the Saiban-in System?|25
3|The Meaning of the Term “saiban-in seido”|27
3|Why Was This System Introduced?|29
3|Who Does What in the System?|33
2|Is the Purpose of Implementing the Saiban-in System to Reflect the “Sense of Citizens” (‘Shimin-kankaku’)?|36
2|Saiban-in Selection Process|39
3|Overview|39
3|Registration on the List Before Participation in Saiban-in Appointing Proceedings|42
2|The Saiban-in System in Practice|46
3|Numbers of Defendants, Length of Trials|46
3|Costs of Implementing the Saiban-in System|47
2|Significant Problems Argued Regarding the Saiban-in System|50
2|The Impact of Implementing the Saiban-in System|57
3|About This Part|57
3|Citizens’ Participation in Deliberations|59
3|Changes in Criminal Proceedings by Introducing the Saiban-in System|60
4|The Realization of Oralism: From Dead Rituals to Living Exchanges|60
4|“Easy-to-Understand Judiciary” (分かりやすい司法 wakariyasui shihô)|61
4|Legalese, Simplified|62
4|Visual Aids in the Courtroom|64
4|“Sound Common Sense” in the Trial|65
4|Made Progress in Visualization (可視化: Kashi-ka)|66
3|Punishments in the Saiban-in System vs. Bench Trials|67
3|Public Interest and the Justice System|80
2|Considerations on Democratic Moments of the Saiban-in System: For Future Research|81
3|Opportunities to Engage in Democracy|81
3|The Saiban-in System and Opportunities to Engage in Democracy|82
3|Thoughts on Ways to Measure “Popular Foundations”|83
3|A Count of Studies on Participation in the Courts|84
3|Considerations for Victims and Defendants|86
2|References|86
1|Chapter 2: Social Attitudes towards Lay Participation System in Japan|90
2|About this Chapter|90
2|On Social Survey Conducted by the Courts, Answered by the Lay Participants|91
3|Questionnaire Surveys Conducted by the Supreme Court of Japan|91
4|Purpose of this Section|91
2|The First Kind of Surveys: Ex-Saiban-In Surveys|92
3|Purpose of the Survey|92
2|Method: How the Survey Conducted|93
3|The Period and Cases|93
3|Respondents|93
2|Results|94
3|The Length of Trials|94
3|Comprehensibility|94
3|Deliberation|95
3|How Did they Feel about Being Saiban-in|96
2|Discussion|96
3|Evaluation of the Legal Professionals’ Activities|96
3|Deliberation|98
3|The Evaluation of Experience as Saiban-in: Citing a General Survey Conducted by the Supreme Court|98
3|Opportunities to Educating Citizens|99
3|Limitation of this Data|101
2|The Second Kind of Surveys: General public’s Attitudes and Opinions|101
3|Purpose of this Kind of Surveys:|102
3|Method|102
2|Results|103
2|Discussion|107
2|Relationships between the People’s Attitudes towards Participation into the Justice System and People’s Personalities|108
3|Problems and Objectives|108
2|About Personality and Social attitudes|110
3|What is Personality?|110
2|What is Authoritarian Personality?|111
2|Difference between Definitions of “authoritarian personality,” “authoritarianism” and “conservatism.”|112
2|Other Personalities Raised up in this Chapter|112
2|What is the Social Attitude|113
2|The First Paper|114
2|Method|114
2|Results|114
2|Discussion|115
2|New Data in this Article|116
3|Method|116
2|Results|117
3|Results on the Willingness to Participate in the Scale and Justice System|117
3|Relationship with Sentencing Judgment: Result of Multiple Regression Analysis|121
2|Discussion|124
2|References|126
1|Chapter 3: What’s in the Deliberations: Two Deliberation Experiments with Status Differences|130
2|Background and Objectives|130
3|Justice System Reforms|130
3|Saiban-in System Introduced: Will the Division of Roles Take Place?|131
3|Study Method and Details|132
2|Method|133
3|Participants and Design|133
2|Individual Condition|133
3|Procedure|133
2|Individual Condition|134
2|Results|135
3|Speech Analysis|135
3|Influences and Division of Roles|136
3|Reflecting a “Healthy Social Awareness: Opinions of General Education Students|137
3|The Role of Law Students|139
3|Influence of Differences in Status on the Verdict|140
3|Questionnaire Results|141
2|Comparison of General Education Students (Group Condition) and General Education Students (Individual Condition)|143
2|Discussion|143
3|The Needs of a Functional Saiban-in System|143
3|Division of Roles: Is It Possible to Reflect the Sound Social Awareness of Citizens?|144
3|For a Functional Saiban-in System|144
3|Educational Outcomes|145
3|Features of the Planning of this Experiment|145
2|Deliberation with Informational Differences|146
3|About this Section|146
3|Background and Problems|147
4|Information Differentials as a Practical Problem in the Saiban-in System|147
4|Information Differentials in Group Decision-Making|148
3|“Hidden Profile” in Group Decision-Making|148
3|Social Influence in Decision-Making|149
3|Cognitive Centrality and Group Decision-Making|150
3|Hypotheses|150
3|Experimental Design|151
3|Method|151
4|Overview|151
4|Material|152
2|Scenarios|152
3|“Points of Judgment” of the Case|153
3|Questionnaires|153
3|Procedure|154
3|Results|155
4|Results from Records of Deliberation Processes|155
4|Coding Utterances|155
4|Relative Frequencies of Utterances: Testing Hypothesis 1|156
4|Testing Hypothesis 2: Frequency Differences Between Presiding and Non-presiding Participants|159
4|Testing Hypothesis 3: Conducting Two-Way ANOVAs with Setting Presiding and Personality Scales as Independent Variables|160
3|Frequency Difference with Information differences|161
3|Analysis of Deliberation Processes from the Viewpoint of Deliberation Styles|161
3|Predicting the Verdict from Initial Preferences|162
3|Results of Questionnaires|163
4|Authoritarian, Collectivism, and Social Power Cognition Scales|163
2|Discussion|163
3|Importance of Presiding Member on the Deliberation Process|163
3|Implications for Designing an Ideal Lay Participation Deliberation|164
3|Deliberation Style|165
3|Limitation and Reservation Regarding this Study|166
2|Future Direction|167
3|Possible Analyses of the Data|167
3|Possible Directions for Further Study|167
2|Deliberation Style in the Deliberations with Status Differences|168
3|Issue-Driven Style: The Deliberation Style Particularly Found in Mixed-Jury Systems like “Saiban-in” System|168
4|Deliberations in the Saiban-in System|168
4|Deliberations and Their Styles|169
5|Styles in the Pure Jury System|170
5|Style in Saiban-in System|171
5|Mock Mixed Trials Which Showed “Issue-Driven” Style Deliberation|172
5|Summing up for “Issue-Driven” Style|172
3|On the Importance of Identification of “Another” Deliberation Style|174
3|Future Directions|175
2|Social Network Analyses|176
3|Social Network Analyses of Deliberations: An Anecdotal Study on Two Mock Mixed Jury Deliberations|176
4|Background|176
4|Purpose of this Study|177
5|What Is “Communication Network”?|177
5|Communication Network and Decision Making|178
5|Directly Related the Prior Study|178
4|Method|179
5|Data|179
5|Venue|180
3|Results|180
4|Venue 1|180
4|Results from which can Be Read by the Diagram|181
4|Qualitative Results from Which Can Be Observed from the Transcript and the Video|182
4|Venue 2|183
4|Results from Which Can Be Read by the Diagram|183
4|Qualitative Results from Which Can Be Observed from the Transcript and the Video|185
2|Discussion|185
3|Patterns of Communication and Quality of Deliberation|185
3|Effects of Using Dialect in Deliberation|186
2|Future Direction|186
2|References|187
1|Chapter 4: Lay Participation System and Trust in the Justice System|190
2|Social Survey on the Relationships Between General trust and the Trust in the Justice System|190
3|About the First Half of This Chapter|190
2|Background|191
3|Trust Is the Key to Society|191
2|Trust in Government and Authoritarian Personality|192
2|Trust in the Legal System|194
2|Fairness and Trust in Social Institutions, and Trust in the Legal System|195
2|Legitimacy and Trust in the Justice System|196
2|Equality and Trust|196
2|Interest in the Justice System|197
3|Current Study|197
2|Method|198
3|Overview of the Survey|198
3|Sampling Plan|198
3|Respondents and Procedure|199
3|Measures|200
3|Combine Variables to Make Potential Variables|201
2|Results|202
3|Correlations among Variables|202
3|Test of Fit of the Model to Data|203
3|Discussion|204
4|What Factors Determine Trust in the Justice System?|204
5|General Trust|204
5|Legitimacy and Trust|205
5|Fairness and Quality of Decision Making|205
5|Legitimacy|206
2|Effects of Social Class|207
2|The Sense of Equality and Trust in the Legal System|208
2|Interest in the Justice System|208
2|Limitations|208
2|Implications and Future Directions|209
3|Social Class|209
3|Trust in the Legal System and General Trust|209
3|Interest in the Justice System|209
3|Equality|210
3|Future Directions and Implications for Lay Participation|210
3|Acknowledgments|211
3|The Changes of the Factors that Determine Trust in the Justice System Before and After the Introduction of the Saiban-in System|212
4|About the Second Half of this Chapter|212
4|Background|213
5|Trust and Justice System|213
5|Current Study|214
4|Study 1|215
4|Method|215
5|Method Overview|215
5|Sampling and Respondents|215
5|Assessments and Measures|217
2|Results|220
3|The Difference of the Answers of “trust in law courts” between before and after Introduction Saiban-in System|220
3|The Factors that Affect people’s Trust in Law Courts (JGSS 2010 Dataset)|221
2|Discussion|222
3|Summary of the Results|222
3|Interpretation of the Meaning of Trust in the Justice System|222
3|Limitations|222
4|Study 2|223
4|Method|224
5|Method Overview|224
5|Sampling and Respondents|224
5|Assessments and Measures|224
2|Results|225
2|Discussion|227
3|Summary of the Results|227
3|Interpretation of the Meaning of Trust in the Justice System|227
3|Limitations|227
2|General Discussion|228
3|Summary of the Studies|228
3|Introduction of Lay Participation System Promoted Trust in the Justice System|228
3|Limitations|228
3|Future Directions|229
2|Appendices|230
3|Appendix A: Hypotheses|230
3|Appendix B: Questions Selected|230
2|References|231
1|Chapter 5: Lay Participation System in the Society: Newspaper Text Analyses over the Evaluation of the System|234
2|The Matters of Interest and their Chronological Changes in Major Newspapers|234
3|Overview|234
2|Overview of the Data and the Analysis Method|235
3|About the News Articles|235
3|Software and Computer Used in the Analytical Process|236
3|Compound Word and Special Technical Words as Necessary Extract Word for Analysis|237
2|The Overview of the Articles and the Analytical Result|238
3|The Overview of the News Paper Articles|238
3|Time Phrases as Divided by the Content of News Articles; An Analytical Result|239
3|The Summary of the Correspondence Analysis in the Three Periods|243
3|Understanding the Central Idea of the Article by the Technology of Text Mining|243
2|Layer Cluster and Network Chart in the Three Periods|244
2|Cluster Analysis Results|245
3|The Former Half of Pre-Introduction Period|245
3|The Latter Half of Pre-Introduction Period|247
3|The Post-Introduction Period|248
2|Comment on the Networking Chart|249
3|The Former Half of the Pre-Introduction Period|250
3|The Latter Half of Pre-Introduction Period|251
3|The Post-Introduction Period|251
2|Public Opinions to the System as Reflected in the News Articles in the Three Periods|253
2|Evaluation of News Articles Content by Coding|254
3|The Coding Method|255
2|The Coding Result|256
3|Publishing Year and Distribution of the News Articles|256
2|Positive & Negative Analysis|261
2|Analysis of the Networking Chart|263
2|Correspondence Analysis; Respective Contents in Various Years|268
2|Looking Back to the Overview|269
2|The Content of the News Articles in the Three Periods|270
2|Positive & Negative Articles about the Saiban-in System|272
2|Limitation of the Analysis|273
3|Use of Nikkei News Articles as Analytical Data|273
3|Periodical & Incidental Influences|274
2|Appendix: Coding Rules|275
2|References|278
1|Chapter 6: General Discussion Over How the Japanese Society Thinks About the Lay Participation System|280
2|The Purpose of Introduction and the State of the Saiban-in System|280
3|Purpose of the Introduction of the Saiban-in System|280
3|The State of the Saiban-in System|281
2|Social Attitudes Towards the Saiban-in System|281
2|Deliberations in the Saiban-in System|283
2|Impact on Trust in the Justice System|285
2|Foci of Media Coverage|286
2|Democratic Values and “Popular Base” of the Justice System|288
2|Overall Evaluation of the Saiban-in System|290
2|Remaining Issues|291
2|Satsuki Eda, Reprise|291
2|References|292
1|Index|293
2|References|9
1|Contents|10
1|Chapter 1: Introduction: Lay Participation to Criminal Justice System in Japan|17
2|Introduction of the System and the Interest of This Book|17
2|About This Chapter|18
2|The General Outline of Japanese Criminal Justice System|18
3|From Investigation to Indictment|18
3|Trials|21
3|Participation of Aggrieved Parties|24
3|Appeal and Retrial (Exceptional Relief Procedure)|24
2|The Outline of the System, Saiban-in System|25
3|What Is the Saiban-in System?|25
3|The Meaning of the Term “saiban-in seido”|27
3|Why Was This System Introduced?|29
3|Who Does What in the System?|33
2|Is the Purpose of Implementing the Saiban-in System to Reflect the “Sense of Citizens” (‘Shimin-kankaku’)?|36
2|Saiban-in Selection Process|39
3|Overview|39
3|Registration on the List Before Participation in Saiban-in Appointing Proceedings|42
2|The Saiban-in System in Practice|46
3|Numbers of Defendants, Length of Trials|46
3|Costs of Implementing the Saiban-in System|47
2|Significant Problems Argued Regarding the Saiban-in System|50
2|The Impact of Implementing the Saiban-in System|57
3|About This Part|57
3|Citizens’ Participation in Deliberations|59
3|Changes in Criminal Proceedings by Introducing the Saiban-in System|60
4|The Realization of Oralism: From Dead Rituals to Living Exchanges|60
4|“Easy-to-Understand Judiciary” (分かりやすい司法 wakariyasui shihô)|61
4|Legalese, Simplified|62
4|Visual Aids in the Courtroom|64
4|“Sound Common Sense” in the Trial|65
4|Made Progress in Visualization (可視化: Kashi-ka)|66
3|Punishments in the Saiban-in System vs. Bench Trials|67
3|Public Interest and the Justice System|80
2|Considerations on Democratic Moments of the Saiban-in System: For Future Research|81
3|Opportunities to Engage in Democracy|81
3|The Saiban-in System and Opportunities to Engage in Democracy|82
3|Thoughts on Ways to Measure “Popular Foundations”|83
3|A Count of Studies on Participation in the Courts|84
3|Considerations for Victims and Defendants|86
2|References|86
1|Chapter 2: Social Attitudes towards Lay Participation System in Japan|90
2|About this Chapter|90
2|On Social Survey Conducted by the Courts, Answered by the Lay Participants|91
3|Questionnaire Surveys Conducted by the Supreme Court of Japan|91
4|Purpose of this Section|91
2|The First Kind of Surveys: Ex-Saiban-In Surveys|92
3|Purpose of the Survey|92
2|Method: How the Survey Conducted|93
3|The Period and Cases|93
3|Respondents|93
2|Results|94
3|The Length of Trials|94
3|Comprehensibility|94
3|Deliberation|95
3|How Did they Feel about Being Saiban-in|96
2|Discussion|96
3|Evaluation of the Legal Professionals’ Activities|96
3|Deliberation|98
3|The Evaluation of Experience as Saiban-in: Citing a General Survey Conducted by the Supreme Court|98
3|Opportunities to Educating Citizens|99
3|Limitation of this Data|101
2|The Second Kind of Surveys: General public’s Attitudes and Opinions|101
3|Purpose of this Kind of Surveys:|102
3|Method|102
2|Results|103
2|Discussion|107
2|Relationships between the People’s Attitudes towards Participation into the Justice System and People’s Personalities|108
3|Problems and Objectives|108
2|About Personality and Social attitudes|110
3|What is Personality?|110
2|What is Authoritarian Personality?|111
2|Difference between Definitions of “authoritarian personality,” “authoritarianism” and “conservatism.”|112
2|Other Personalities Raised up in this Chapter|112
2|What is the Social Attitude|113
2|The First Paper|114
2|Method|114
2|Results|114
2|Discussion|115
2|New Data in this Article|116
3|Method|116
2|Results|117
3|Results on the Willingness to Participate in the Scale and Justice System|117
3|Relationship with Sentencing Judgment: Result of Multiple Regression Analysis|121
2|Discussion|124
2|References|126
1|Chapter 3: What’s in the Deliberations: Two Deliberation Experiments with Status Differences|130
2|Background and Objectives|130
3|Justice System Reforms|130
3|Saiban-in System Introduced: Will the Division of Roles Take Place?|131
3|Study Method and Details|132
2|Method|133
3|Participants and Design|133
2|Individual Condition|133
3|Procedure|133
2|Individual Condition|134
2|Results|135
3|Speech Analysis|135
3|Influences and Division of Roles|136
3|Reflecting a “Healthy Social Awareness: Opinions of General Education Students|137
3|The Role of Law Students|139
3|Influence of Differences in Status on the Verdict|140
3|Questionnaire Results|141
2|Comparison of General Education Students (Group Condition) and General Education Students (Individual Condition)|143
2|Discussion|143
3|The Needs of a Functional Saiban-in System|143
3|Division of Roles: Is It Possible to Reflect the Sound Social Awareness of Citizens?|144
3|For a Functional Saiban-in System|144
3|Educational Outcomes|145
3|Features of the Planning of this Experiment|145
2|Deliberation with Informational Differences|146
3|About this Section|146
3|Background and Problems|147
4|Information Differentials as a Practical Problem in the Saiban-in System|147
4|Information Differentials in Group Decision-Making|148
3|“Hidden Profile” in Group Decision-Making|148
3|Social Influence in Decision-Making|149
3|Cognitive Centrality and Group Decision-Making|150
3|Hypotheses|150
3|Experimental Design|151
3|Method|151
4|Overview|151
4|Material|152
2|Scenarios|152
3|“Points of Judgment” of the Case|153
3|Questionnaires|153
3|Procedure|154
3|Results|155
4|Results from Records of Deliberation Processes|155
4|Coding Utterances|155
4|Relative Frequencies of Utterances: Testing Hypothesis 1|156
4|Testing Hypothesis 2: Frequency Differences Between Presiding and Non-presiding Participants|159
4|Testing Hypothesis 3: Conducting Two-Way ANOVAs with Setting Presiding and Personality Scales as Independent Variables|160
3|Frequency Difference with Information differences|161
3|Analysis of Deliberation Processes from the Viewpoint of Deliberation Styles|161
3|Predicting the Verdict from Initial Preferences|162
3|Results of Questionnaires|163
4|Authoritarian, Collectivism, and Social Power Cognition Scales|163
2|Discussion|163
3|Importance of Presiding Member on the Deliberation Process|163
3|Implications for Designing an Ideal Lay Participation Deliberation|164
3|Deliberation Style|165
3|Limitation and Reservation Regarding this Study|166
2|Future Direction|167
3|Possible Analyses of the Data|167
3|Possible Directions for Further Study|167
2|Deliberation Style in the Deliberations with Status Differences|168
3|Issue-Driven Style: The Deliberation Style Particularly Found in Mixed-Jury Systems like “Saiban-in” System|168
4|Deliberations in the Saiban-in System|168
4|Deliberations and Their Styles|169
5|Styles in the Pure Jury System|170
5|Style in Saiban-in System|171
5|Mock Mixed Trials Which Showed “Issue-Driven” Style Deliberation|172
5|Summing up for “Issue-Driven” Style|172
3|On the Importance of Identification of “Another” Deliberation Style|174
3|Future Directions|175
2|Social Network Analyses|176
3|Social Network Analyses of Deliberations: An Anecdotal Study on Two Mock Mixed Jury Deliberations|176
4|Background|176
4|Purpose of this Study|177
5|What Is “Communication Network”?|177
5|Communication Network and Decision Making|178
5|Directly Related the Prior Study|178
4|Method|179
5|Data|179
5|Venue|180
3|Results|180
4|Venue 1|180
4|Results from which can Be Read by the Diagram|181
4|Qualitative Results from Which Can Be Observed from the Transcript and the Video|182
4|Venue 2|183
4|Results from Which Can Be Read by the Diagram|183
4|Qualitative Results from Which Can Be Observed from the Transcript and the Video|185
2|Discussion|185
3|Patterns of Communication and Quality of Deliberation|185
3|Effects of Using Dialect in Deliberation|186
2|Future Direction|186
2|References|187
1|Chapter 4: Lay Participation System and Trust in the Justice System|190
2|Social Survey on the Relationships Between General trust and the Trust in the Justice System|190
3|About the First Half of This Chapter|190
2|Background|191
3|Trust Is the Key to Society|191
2|Trust in Government and Authoritarian Personality|192
2|Trust in the Legal System|194
2|Fairness and Trust in Social Institutions, and Trust in the Legal System|195
2|Legitimacy and Trust in the Justice System|196
2|Equality and Trust|196
2|Interest in the Justice System|197
3|Current Study|197
2|Method|198
3|Overview of the Survey|198
3|Sampling Plan|198
3|Respondents and Procedure|199
3|Measures|200
3|Combine Variables to Make Potential Variables|201
2|Results|202
3|Correlations among Variables|202
3|Test of Fit of the Model to Data|203
3|Discussion|204
4|What Factors Determine Trust in the Justice System?|204
5|General Trust|204
5|Legitimacy and Trust|205
5|Fairness and Quality of Decision Making|205
5|Legitimacy|206
2|Effects of Social Class|207
2|The Sense of Equality and Trust in the Legal System|208
2|Interest in the Justice System|208
2|Limitations|208
2|Implications and Future Directions|209
3|Social Class|209
3|Trust in the Legal System and General Trust|209
3|Interest in the Justice System|209
3|Equality|210
3|Future Directions and Implications for Lay Participation|210
3|Acknowledgments|211
3|The Changes of the Factors that Determine Trust in the Justice System Before and After the Introduction of the Saiban-in System|212
4|About the Second Half of this Chapter|212
4|Background|213
5|Trust and Justice System|213
5|Current Study|214
4|Study 1|215
4|Method|215
5|Method Overview|215
5|Sampling and Respondents|215
5|Assessments and Measures|217
2|Results|220
3|The Difference of the Answers of “trust in law courts” between before and after Introduction Saiban-in System|220
3|The Factors that Affect people’s Trust in Law Courts (JGSS 2010 Dataset)|221
2|Discussion|222
3|Summary of the Results|222
3|Interpretation of the Meaning of Trust in the Justice System|222
3|Limitations|222
4|Study 2|223
4|Method|224
5|Method Overview|224
5|Sampling and Respondents|224
5|Assessments and Measures|224
2|Results|225
2|Discussion|227
3|Summary of the Results|227
3|Interpretation of the Meaning of Trust in the Justice System|227
3|Limitations|227
2|General Discussion|228
3|Summary of the Studies|228
3|Introduction of Lay Participation System Promoted Trust in the Justice System|228
3|Limitations|228
3|Future Directions|229
2|Appendices|230
3|Appendix A: Hypotheses|230
3|Appendix B: Questions Selected|230
2|References|231
1|Chapter 5: Lay Participation System in the Society: Newspaper Text Analyses over the Evaluation of the System|234
2|The Matters of Interest and their Chronological Changes in Major Newspapers|234
3|Overview|234
2|Overview of the Data and the Analysis Method|235
3|About the News Articles|235
3|Software and Computer Used in the Analytical Process|236
3|Compound Word and Special Technical Words as Necessary Extract Word for Analysis|237
2|The Overview of the Articles and the Analytical Result|238
3|The Overview of the News Paper Articles|238
3|Time Phrases as Divided by the Content of News Articles; An Analytical Result|239
3|The Summary of the Correspondence Analysis in the Three Periods|243
3|Understanding the Central Idea of the Article by the Technology of Text Mining|243
2|Layer Cluster and Network Chart in the Three Periods|244
2|Cluster Analysis Results|245
3|The Former Half of Pre-Introduction Period|245
3|The Latter Half of Pre-Introduction Period|247
3|The Post-Introduction Period|248
2|Comment on the Networking Chart|249
3|The Former Half of the Pre-Introduction Period|250
3|The Latter Half of Pre-Introduction Period|251
3|The Post-Introduction Period|251
2|Public Opinions to the System as Reflected in the News Articles in the Three Periods|253
2|Evaluation of News Articles Content by Coding|254
3|The Coding Method|255
2|The Coding Result|256
3|Publishing Year and Distribution of the News Articles|256
2|Positive & Negative Analysis|261
2|Analysis of the Networking Chart|263
2|Correspondence Analysis; Respective Contents in Various Years|268
2|Looking Back to the Overview|269
2|The Content of the News Articles in the Three Periods|270
2|Positive & Negative Articles about the Saiban-in System|272
2|Limitation of the Analysis|273
3|Use of Nikkei News Articles as Analytical Data|273
3|Periodical & Incidental Influences|274
2|Appendix: Coding Rules|275
2|References|278
1|Chapter 6: General Discussion Over How the Japanese Society Thinks About the Lay Participation System|280
2|The Purpose of Introduction and the State of the Saiban-in System|280
3|Purpose of the Introduction of the Saiban-in System|280
3|The State of the Saiban-in System|281
2|Social Attitudes Towards the Saiban-in System|281
2|Deliberations in the Saiban-in System|283
2|Impact on Trust in the Justice System|285
2|Foci of Media Coverage|286
2|Democratic Values and “Popular Base” of the Justice System|288
2|Overall Evaluation of the Saiban-in System|290
2|Remaining Issues|291
2|Satsuki Eda, Reprise|291
2|References|292
1|Index|293