File #2330: "2018_Book_OutlawMotorcycleClubsAndStreet.pdf"
Testo
1|Acknowledgements|7
1|Contents|9
1|Contributors|11
1|1: Introduction: Scheming Legality and Resisting Criminalization|13
2|Unsettling the Distinction Between Organized Crime and White-Collar Crime|16
2|Structure of the Book: Spotting the Connections|21
2|Bibliography|31
1|2: Gangs, Culture, and Society in the United States|36
2|The Gang and Its Legend|37
2|The Gang and Culture|44
2|The Gang and Society|47
2|Conclusion|50
2|Bibliography|52
1|3: Legalization by Commodification: The (Ir)relevance of Fashion Styles and Brands in Street Gangster Performance|55
2|Methodology: Participant Observation, Interviews, Weblogs and Gangsta Rap Video Clips|57
2|Re-contextualizing Gangster Style: Ethnicity, Masculinity and Gangsta Rap|59
2|Congolese Roots and Gangster Style: The Stylistic Heritage of ‘La Sape’|61
2|The Dictates of Hegemonic Masculinity and Black Manhood: Muscularity and Blackness|63
2|Gangsta Rap: The Commodification Tool of Gang Aesthetics|66
2|Detecting a Gangster Performance: Reframing Gangster Style|68
2|Conclusion|75
2|Bibliography|76
1|4: Dutch Gang Talk: A Reflection on the Use of the Gang Label in the Netherlands|79
2|Applying the Gang Label|81
3|Youth Groups: Reluctance Toward the Word ‘Gang’|81
3|From 1%-MCs to OMCGs: Introducing the Gang Label|83
3|Difficulties Applying the Gang Label|85
2|Aspiring to and Resisting the Gang Label|87
3|Aspiring to the Gang Label: Evolution of The Dutch Crips|88
3|Resisting the Gang Label|91
2|Problematizing the Gang Label: Discussion|94
2|Bibliography|96
3|Media|100
3|House Minutes|101
3|Court Rulings|101
1|5: From Bikers to Gangsters: On the Development of and the Public Response to Outlaw Biker Clubs in Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium|102
2|From the 1970s to the Mid-1980s|104
3|Bikers Riding out Together|105
3|Regulated Tolerance|106
2|From Mid-1980s Until 2000|107
3|Internationalization of Clubs|108
3|Laissez-faire Attitude|109
2|From 2000 to 2010|110
3|Internal and External Conflicts|111
3|Repressive Stance|111
2|From 2010 Onward|113
3|Rapid Growth of Outlaw Clubs|114
3|Zero Tolerance|115
2|Labeling the Outlaw Biker Clubs|119
2|Limitations of Focusing on Outlaw Biker Clubs as a Group|122
2|Conclusion|123
2|Bibliography|124
3|Newspaper Articles and Websites|127
1|6: Men with a Hobby: Outlaw Motorcycle Clubs, News Media and Image Politics|131
2|Theoretical Framework: Folk Devils Help Shape the Frame|133
2|Mediatized Images|134
2|Framing|135
2|Media Representation of Motorcycle Gangs|136
2|Method: Qualitative Content Analysis|138
2|Results|139
2|Credibility|143
2|Conclusion|145
2|Appendix: Framing Matrix Outlaw Motor Gangs in Dutch News Media|147
2|Bibliography|148
1|7: Outlaw Motorcycle Clubs and Struggles over Legitimation|153
2|The Double-Bind of Legitimation Crises and (De-)Legitimation|155
2|Outlaw Motorcycle Clubs and Strategies of Legitimation|163
3|The Legal Status of 1% Clubs|164
3|Legitimate Businesses and Clubs as Legitimate Businesses|167
3|Charitable Activities|171
3|Public Relations, Lobbyists, Lawsuits, and Biker Ideology|172
3|Biker Websites and Social Media|175
2|Conclusion|177
2|Bibliography|178
1|8: Outlaw Bikers Between Identity Politics and Civil Rights|182
2|Outlaw Bikers and the Political Field|184
2|Nobody Will Destroy Our Culture: Biker Identity Politics|187
2|In Colors Divided, in Cause United: Outlaw Bikers and Civil Rights|199
2|Conclusion: Reproducing the Status Quo Through Displacement and Reification|203
2|Bibliography|206
1|9: Inside the Brotherhood: Some Theoretical Aspects of Group Dynamics in Biker Clubs|211
2|Cohesion: The Strength of the Club|214
2|On Becoming a Fortress|216
2|Secret Societies|218
2|The Mimetic Conflict|220
2|Discussion|224
2|Bibliography|226
1|Index|230
1|Contents|9
1|Contributors|11
1|1: Introduction: Scheming Legality and Resisting Criminalization|13
2|Unsettling the Distinction Between Organized Crime and White-Collar Crime|16
2|Structure of the Book: Spotting the Connections|21
2|Bibliography|31
1|2: Gangs, Culture, and Society in the United States|36
2|The Gang and Its Legend|37
2|The Gang and Culture|44
2|The Gang and Society|47
2|Conclusion|50
2|Bibliography|52
1|3: Legalization by Commodification: The (Ir)relevance of Fashion Styles and Brands in Street Gangster Performance|55
2|Methodology: Participant Observation, Interviews, Weblogs and Gangsta Rap Video Clips|57
2|Re-contextualizing Gangster Style: Ethnicity, Masculinity and Gangsta Rap|59
2|Congolese Roots and Gangster Style: The Stylistic Heritage of ‘La Sape’|61
2|The Dictates of Hegemonic Masculinity and Black Manhood: Muscularity and Blackness|63
2|Gangsta Rap: The Commodification Tool of Gang Aesthetics|66
2|Detecting a Gangster Performance: Reframing Gangster Style|68
2|Conclusion|75
2|Bibliography|76
1|4: Dutch Gang Talk: A Reflection on the Use of the Gang Label in the Netherlands|79
2|Applying the Gang Label|81
3|Youth Groups: Reluctance Toward the Word ‘Gang’|81
3|From 1%-MCs to OMCGs: Introducing the Gang Label|83
3|Difficulties Applying the Gang Label|85
2|Aspiring to and Resisting the Gang Label|87
3|Aspiring to the Gang Label: Evolution of The Dutch Crips|88
3|Resisting the Gang Label|91
2|Problematizing the Gang Label: Discussion|94
2|Bibliography|96
3|Media|100
3|House Minutes|101
3|Court Rulings|101
1|5: From Bikers to Gangsters: On the Development of and the Public Response to Outlaw Biker Clubs in Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium|102
2|From the 1970s to the Mid-1980s|104
3|Bikers Riding out Together|105
3|Regulated Tolerance|106
2|From Mid-1980s Until 2000|107
3|Internationalization of Clubs|108
3|Laissez-faire Attitude|109
2|From 2000 to 2010|110
3|Internal and External Conflicts|111
3|Repressive Stance|111
2|From 2010 Onward|113
3|Rapid Growth of Outlaw Clubs|114
3|Zero Tolerance|115
2|Labeling the Outlaw Biker Clubs|119
2|Limitations of Focusing on Outlaw Biker Clubs as a Group|122
2|Conclusion|123
2|Bibliography|124
3|Newspaper Articles and Websites|127
1|6: Men with a Hobby: Outlaw Motorcycle Clubs, News Media and Image Politics|131
2|Theoretical Framework: Folk Devils Help Shape the Frame|133
2|Mediatized Images|134
2|Framing|135
2|Media Representation of Motorcycle Gangs|136
2|Method: Qualitative Content Analysis|138
2|Results|139
2|Credibility|143
2|Conclusion|145
2|Appendix: Framing Matrix Outlaw Motor Gangs in Dutch News Media|147
2|Bibliography|148
1|7: Outlaw Motorcycle Clubs and Struggles over Legitimation|153
2|The Double-Bind of Legitimation Crises and (De-)Legitimation|155
2|Outlaw Motorcycle Clubs and Strategies of Legitimation|163
3|The Legal Status of 1% Clubs|164
3|Legitimate Businesses and Clubs as Legitimate Businesses|167
3|Charitable Activities|171
3|Public Relations, Lobbyists, Lawsuits, and Biker Ideology|172
3|Biker Websites and Social Media|175
2|Conclusion|177
2|Bibliography|178
1|8: Outlaw Bikers Between Identity Politics and Civil Rights|182
2|Outlaw Bikers and the Political Field|184
2|Nobody Will Destroy Our Culture: Biker Identity Politics|187
2|In Colors Divided, in Cause United: Outlaw Bikers and Civil Rights|199
2|Conclusion: Reproducing the Status Quo Through Displacement and Reification|203
2|Bibliography|206
1|9: Inside the Brotherhood: Some Theoretical Aspects of Group Dynamics in Biker Clubs|211
2|Cohesion: The Strength of the Club|214
2|On Becoming a Fortress|216
2|Secret Societies|218
2|The Mimetic Conflict|220
2|Discussion|224
2|Bibliography|226
1|Index|230