File #2400: "2018_Book_LocatingIndiaInTheContemporary.pdf"
Testo
1|Foreword|5
1|Contents|7
1|Editors and Contributors|9
1|Introduction|11
1|Ideas, Justice and Humanitarianism|17
1|Gandhi and International Law: Satyagraha as Universal Justice|18
2|1 Introduction: The Universalist Telos of International Law|19
2|2 Satyagraha: Its Theory and Practice|23
2|3 The Social Phenomenology of Satyagraha|26
2|4 Situating Satyagraha: The New International Law Analytic|30
3|4.1 The New International Law Analytic|30
3|4.2 Situating Satyagraha in International Law|33
2|5 Conclusion|35
2|References|36
1|A Critic and an Apologist: India’s Quest for UN Security Council Permanent Membership|39
2|1 Introduction|39
2|2 Significance of the Security Council and Demands for Its Reformation|40
2|3 Positions of Different Stakeholders|42
2|4 India’s Views on the UN Security Council|45
2|5 Evaluation and Conclusion|56
2|References|57
1|Collective Engagement and Selective Endorsement: India’s Ambivalent Attitude Towards Laws of Armed Conflict|59
2|1 Introduction|60
2|2 Legacy of Humanitarianism in India|60
2|3 India and IHL Treaties|62
2|4 Engaging with Humanitarian Organizations|67
2|5 Critical Evaluation|70
2|6 Conclusion|72
2|References|73
1|Trade, Investment and Taxation|74
1|Two Decades of Trade Remedy Litigations in WTO: India the Protectionist Trader|75
2|1 Introduction|75
2|2 Safeguard Measures|76
3|2.1 WTO Safeguard Agreement|77
3|2.2 Indian Scenario|80
2|3 Anti-dumping Duties|83
3|3.1 Determination of Dumping|83
3|3.2 Determination of Injury|85
3|3.3 Domestic Industry|87
3|3.4 Zeroing Methodology|88
2|4 India’s Experience with Anti-dumping Cases: A Statistical Overview|89
3|4.1 USA—Customs Bond Directive for Merchandise Subject to Anti-dumping/Countervailing Duties—Complainant India|89
3|4.2 USA—Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act 2000 (CDSOA)—Complainant India|92
3|4.3 Arbitration Proceedings Under Articles 21.3(C) and 26 of the DSU|94
3|4.4 USA Anti-dumping and Countervailing Measures on Steel Plate from India|95
3|4.5 EU Bed Linen Case|97
3|4.6 Determination of Margin of Dumping|97
3|4.7 Indian “Dumping” of Anti-dumping Duties|98
2|5 Subsidies and Countervailing Duties|98
2|6 Indian Experience|103
2|7 Conclusion|104
2|References|105
1|India and Bilateral Investment Treaties: From Rejection to Embracement to Hesitance?|106
2|1 Introduction|107
2|2 The Period from 1947 to End of 1990—The Phase of ‘Rejection’|109
2|3 Period from Early 1991 to 2010—The Phase of ‘Embracement’|112
3|3.1 BITs as Instruments to Attract Foreign Investment|113
3|3.2 BITs with ‘Capital-Exporting’ Country Features|115
3|3.3 Marginal Involvement of India with ISDS|116
3|3.4 Negligible Discussions on the Interface Between Indian BITs and Regulatory Power|116
2|4 Post 2011—The Phase of ‘Hesitance’|119
3|4.1 India’s Increased Involvement with ISDS|119
3|4.2 2016 Model BIT|122
2|5 Conclusion|126
2|References|128
1|Making International Tax Law: Analysing Tax Jurisprudence in India|132
2|1 Introduction|132
2|2 International Tax Principles and Issues|133
3|2.1 The Tax Regime|133
3|2.2 Concepts and Principles in International Tax|134
2|3 Fundamentals of Tax Distribution|139
3|3.1 The Principle of Economic Allegiance|140
3|3.2 The Principle of Equity|141
2|4 Indian Responses|142
3|4.1 Permanent Establishment|142
3|4.2 Treaty Shopping|145
3|4.3 Interpretation: Form v Substance|146
3|4.4 Analysing the Indian Responses|148
2|5 Conclusion|151
2|References|152
1|Intellectual Property Regimes|154
1|Protection of Traditional Knowledge and Expressions of Folklore: Locating India in the Global Framework|155
2|1 Introduction|155
2|2 Select Instances of Misappropriation of Indian Traditional Knowledge|158
2|3 Protection of the TK and Folklore|159
3|3.1 Positive and Negative Protection|161
2|4 International Protection of TK and Folklore|162
3|4.1 International Instruments that Protects TK and Folklore|162
3|4.2 Protection Through TRIPS Regime|164
3|4.3 International Attempts to Strengthen the Protection of Traditional Knowledge and Folklore|166
2|5 Protection of TK and Folklore in India|168
3|5.1 Protection Through Copyright Act|169
3|5.2 Trade Secret Law|171
3|5.3 Protection Through Patents Act|172
3|5.4 The Biodiversity Act 2002|174
3|5.5 Geographical Indications|176
3|5.6 Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL)|177
2|6 Sui Generis Protection for Traditional Knowledge|179
2|7 Conclusion|184
2|References|185
1|Transnational Influences in Trade Mark and Domain Name Protection: The Indian Experience|188
2|1 Brief History of Trade Marks|188
2|2 Trade Mark Law in India|189
2|3 TM Act 1999|190
2|4 Emerging Issues of Trade Mark Use in the Internet|195
2|5 Domain Name Disputes and World Intellectual Property Organisation (“WIPO”)|196
2|6 Future Developments and Challenges|200
2|7 Jurisdictional Issues in Cyber World|202
2|8 Conclusion|204
2|References|205
1|India’s Participatory Role in the Database Debate at WIPO|207
2|1 Background to the Proposed International Treaty|208
2|2 Proposed Structure of the International Treaty|210
3|2.1 Arguments Favouring Worldwide Protection|210
3|2.2 Scope of the Treaty|214
3|2.3 The Structure of Exceptions|217
3|2.4 National Treatment and Reciprocity|218
2|3 Future of Sui Generis Right: Difference of Opinion at Early Stages|219
2|4 The SCCR Meetings: Greater Divide Amongst Member Countries and the Role of India|221
3|4.1 No Consensus Amongst Nations|221
3|4.2 Contradictory Ideas at the Stage of Consultation|225
2|5 Increased Indian Participation at Later Stages|228
3|5.1 Conflicting Position: Indian Delegation and Expert Report on India|229
3|5.2 Signs of Removal of Sui Generis Proposal from Agenda List|231
2|6 The End to the Treaty Proposal: Member Countries not Ready|232
3|6.1 Issue of Evidence of Market Failure at Forefront|233
3|6.2 European Claim not Substantiated by the Evaluation Report|234
2|References|235
1|TRIPS and Public Health: Challenges for India and Its Response|236
2|1 Introduction|236
2|2 Healthcare Financing in India|237
2|3 TRIPS and India|241
3|3.1 The Novartis Case|243
3|3.2 Exercise of Compulsory License in India|246
2|4 Challenges from India’s Bilateral Investment Promotion and Protection Agreements|251
2|5 Conclusion|254
2|References|254
1|Nature, Resources and Rights|256
1|India and International Environmental Law|257
2|1 Introduction|257
2|2 IEL and the Growth of Indian Environmental Law|258
3|2.1 As a Trigger for the Development of Environment Law|259
3|2.2 Conferring Legislative Competence|259
3|2.3 Informing the Content of Law|260
2|3 Indian Judiciary and IEL|266
3|3.1 States Sovereign Rights Over Natural Resources|267
3|3.2 Sustainable Development|270
2|4 Conclusion|273
2|References|273
1|Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity and Its Protocols in India|275
2|1 Introduction|276
2|2 The Convention on Biological Diversity|279
3|2.1 CBD and Conservation of Biological Diversity|279
3|2.2 Conservation of Biological Diversity in India|281
3|2.3 The Biological Diversity Act, 2002, and Conservation|284
2|3 The Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing|287
3|3.1 Implementing the Nagoya Protocol in India|288
2|4 The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety|294
3|4.1 Implementation of Cartagena Protocol in India|296
2|5 The Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol|300
3|5.1 Options for Implementing Supplementary Protocol in India|301
2|6 Conclusion|303
2|References|305
1|Indian Civil Nuclear Liability Law (CNLD Act): An Adventurism or Exceptionalism in International Legal Discourse|307
2|1 A Brief History|308
2|2 Events Leading to Internationalization of Nuclear Liability Law|311
3|2.1 Principles of International Nuclear Law|314
2|3 Tort Liability Jurisprudence in India|316
2|4 Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Law|318
3|4.1 CNLD: Liability Limited or Open-Ended|319
3|4.2 Citizens’ Right to Have Tort Remedy|325
3|4.3 Legal Channeling and Operator’s Right of Recourse Under Indian Law|327
2|5 Conclusion|333
2|References|334
1|Contents|7
1|Editors and Contributors|9
1|Introduction|11
1|Ideas, Justice and Humanitarianism|17
1|Gandhi and International Law: Satyagraha as Universal Justice|18
2|1 Introduction: The Universalist Telos of International Law|19
2|2 Satyagraha: Its Theory and Practice|23
2|3 The Social Phenomenology of Satyagraha|26
2|4 Situating Satyagraha: The New International Law Analytic|30
3|4.1 The New International Law Analytic|30
3|4.2 Situating Satyagraha in International Law|33
2|5 Conclusion|35
2|References|36
1|A Critic and an Apologist: India’s Quest for UN Security Council Permanent Membership|39
2|1 Introduction|39
2|2 Significance of the Security Council and Demands for Its Reformation|40
2|3 Positions of Different Stakeholders|42
2|4 India’s Views on the UN Security Council|45
2|5 Evaluation and Conclusion|56
2|References|57
1|Collective Engagement and Selective Endorsement: India’s Ambivalent Attitude Towards Laws of Armed Conflict|59
2|1 Introduction|60
2|2 Legacy of Humanitarianism in India|60
2|3 India and IHL Treaties|62
2|4 Engaging with Humanitarian Organizations|67
2|5 Critical Evaluation|70
2|6 Conclusion|72
2|References|73
1|Trade, Investment and Taxation|74
1|Two Decades of Trade Remedy Litigations in WTO: India the Protectionist Trader|75
2|1 Introduction|75
2|2 Safeguard Measures|76
3|2.1 WTO Safeguard Agreement|77
3|2.2 Indian Scenario|80
2|3 Anti-dumping Duties|83
3|3.1 Determination of Dumping|83
3|3.2 Determination of Injury|85
3|3.3 Domestic Industry|87
3|3.4 Zeroing Methodology|88
2|4 India’s Experience with Anti-dumping Cases: A Statistical Overview|89
3|4.1 USA—Customs Bond Directive for Merchandise Subject to Anti-dumping/Countervailing Duties—Complainant India|89
3|4.2 USA—Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act 2000 (CDSOA)—Complainant India|92
3|4.3 Arbitration Proceedings Under Articles 21.3(C) and 26 of the DSU|94
3|4.4 USA Anti-dumping and Countervailing Measures on Steel Plate from India|95
3|4.5 EU Bed Linen Case|97
3|4.6 Determination of Margin of Dumping|97
3|4.7 Indian “Dumping” of Anti-dumping Duties|98
2|5 Subsidies and Countervailing Duties|98
2|6 Indian Experience|103
2|7 Conclusion|104
2|References|105
1|India and Bilateral Investment Treaties: From Rejection to Embracement to Hesitance?|106
2|1 Introduction|107
2|2 The Period from 1947 to End of 1990—The Phase of ‘Rejection’|109
2|3 Period from Early 1991 to 2010—The Phase of ‘Embracement’|112
3|3.1 BITs as Instruments to Attract Foreign Investment|113
3|3.2 BITs with ‘Capital-Exporting’ Country Features|115
3|3.3 Marginal Involvement of India with ISDS|116
3|3.4 Negligible Discussions on the Interface Between Indian BITs and Regulatory Power|116
2|4 Post 2011—The Phase of ‘Hesitance’|119
3|4.1 India’s Increased Involvement with ISDS|119
3|4.2 2016 Model BIT|122
2|5 Conclusion|126
2|References|128
1|Making International Tax Law: Analysing Tax Jurisprudence in India|132
2|1 Introduction|132
2|2 International Tax Principles and Issues|133
3|2.1 The Tax Regime|133
3|2.2 Concepts and Principles in International Tax|134
2|3 Fundamentals of Tax Distribution|139
3|3.1 The Principle of Economic Allegiance|140
3|3.2 The Principle of Equity|141
2|4 Indian Responses|142
3|4.1 Permanent Establishment|142
3|4.2 Treaty Shopping|145
3|4.3 Interpretation: Form v Substance|146
3|4.4 Analysing the Indian Responses|148
2|5 Conclusion|151
2|References|152
1|Intellectual Property Regimes|154
1|Protection of Traditional Knowledge and Expressions of Folklore: Locating India in the Global Framework|155
2|1 Introduction|155
2|2 Select Instances of Misappropriation of Indian Traditional Knowledge|158
2|3 Protection of the TK and Folklore|159
3|3.1 Positive and Negative Protection|161
2|4 International Protection of TK and Folklore|162
3|4.1 International Instruments that Protects TK and Folklore|162
3|4.2 Protection Through TRIPS Regime|164
3|4.3 International Attempts to Strengthen the Protection of Traditional Knowledge and Folklore|166
2|5 Protection of TK and Folklore in India|168
3|5.1 Protection Through Copyright Act|169
3|5.2 Trade Secret Law|171
3|5.3 Protection Through Patents Act|172
3|5.4 The Biodiversity Act 2002|174
3|5.5 Geographical Indications|176
3|5.6 Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL)|177
2|6 Sui Generis Protection for Traditional Knowledge|179
2|7 Conclusion|184
2|References|185
1|Transnational Influences in Trade Mark and Domain Name Protection: The Indian Experience|188
2|1 Brief History of Trade Marks|188
2|2 Trade Mark Law in India|189
2|3 TM Act 1999|190
2|4 Emerging Issues of Trade Mark Use in the Internet|195
2|5 Domain Name Disputes and World Intellectual Property Organisation (“WIPO”)|196
2|6 Future Developments and Challenges|200
2|7 Jurisdictional Issues in Cyber World|202
2|8 Conclusion|204
2|References|205
1|India’s Participatory Role in the Database Debate at WIPO|207
2|1 Background to the Proposed International Treaty|208
2|2 Proposed Structure of the International Treaty|210
3|2.1 Arguments Favouring Worldwide Protection|210
3|2.2 Scope of the Treaty|214
3|2.3 The Structure of Exceptions|217
3|2.4 National Treatment and Reciprocity|218
2|3 Future of Sui Generis Right: Difference of Opinion at Early Stages|219
2|4 The SCCR Meetings: Greater Divide Amongst Member Countries and the Role of India|221
3|4.1 No Consensus Amongst Nations|221
3|4.2 Contradictory Ideas at the Stage of Consultation|225
2|5 Increased Indian Participation at Later Stages|228
3|5.1 Conflicting Position: Indian Delegation and Expert Report on India|229
3|5.2 Signs of Removal of Sui Generis Proposal from Agenda List|231
2|6 The End to the Treaty Proposal: Member Countries not Ready|232
3|6.1 Issue of Evidence of Market Failure at Forefront|233
3|6.2 European Claim not Substantiated by the Evaluation Report|234
2|References|235
1|TRIPS and Public Health: Challenges for India and Its Response|236
2|1 Introduction|236
2|2 Healthcare Financing in India|237
2|3 TRIPS and India|241
3|3.1 The Novartis Case|243
3|3.2 Exercise of Compulsory License in India|246
2|4 Challenges from India’s Bilateral Investment Promotion and Protection Agreements|251
2|5 Conclusion|254
2|References|254
1|Nature, Resources and Rights|256
1|India and International Environmental Law|257
2|1 Introduction|257
2|2 IEL and the Growth of Indian Environmental Law|258
3|2.1 As a Trigger for the Development of Environment Law|259
3|2.2 Conferring Legislative Competence|259
3|2.3 Informing the Content of Law|260
2|3 Indian Judiciary and IEL|266
3|3.1 States Sovereign Rights Over Natural Resources|267
3|3.2 Sustainable Development|270
2|4 Conclusion|273
2|References|273
1|Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity and Its Protocols in India|275
2|1 Introduction|276
2|2 The Convention on Biological Diversity|279
3|2.1 CBD and Conservation of Biological Diversity|279
3|2.2 Conservation of Biological Diversity in India|281
3|2.3 The Biological Diversity Act, 2002, and Conservation|284
2|3 The Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing|287
3|3.1 Implementing the Nagoya Protocol in India|288
2|4 The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety|294
3|4.1 Implementation of Cartagena Protocol in India|296
2|5 The Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol|300
3|5.1 Options for Implementing Supplementary Protocol in India|301
2|6 Conclusion|303
2|References|305
1|Indian Civil Nuclear Liability Law (CNLD Act): An Adventurism or Exceptionalism in International Legal Discourse|307
2|1 A Brief History|308
2|2 Events Leading to Internationalization of Nuclear Liability Law|311
3|2.1 Principles of International Nuclear Law|314
2|3 Tort Liability Jurisprudence in India|316
2|4 Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Law|318
3|4.1 CNLD: Liability Limited or Open-Ended|319
3|4.2 Citizens’ Right to Have Tort Remedy|325
3|4.3 Legal Channeling and Operator’s Right of Recourse Under Indian Law|327
2|5 Conclusion|333
2|References|334