File #2530: "2018_Book_LegalValidityAndSoftLaw.pdf"
Testo
1|Preface|6
1|Contents|8
1|Validity in Positive Law: A Mere Summary Concept|10
2|1 Introduction|11
2|2 Legal Practice|14
2|3 History of the Concept of Validity in Philosophy and Legal Theory|17
2|4 Validity as the Decision About the Membership of a Norm in a Legal System?|21
2|5 What Is the Function of the Summary Concept of Validity in Metanorms?|22
2|6 Is the Concept of Validity a Continuum Concept?|23
2|7 What Are the Inner Legal Conditions for a Legal Norm to Be Valid Law?|24
2|8 What Are the Outer Legal Conditions for a Legal Norm to Be Valid Law?|24
2|9 What Is the Relationship of the Summary Concept of Legal Validity to the Other Phases Respectively Consecutive Properties of...|25
2|References|26
1|What Is Legal Validity? Lessons from Soft Law|28
2|1 Introduction|29
2|2 Internal and External Claims About Legal Validity|30
3|2.1 Binding Force|30
3|2.2 Introducing Validity Claims|31
3|2.3 Internal Validity Claims: Binding Force and Source Validity|33
3|2.4 External Validity Claims: Validity as Efficacy|34
2|3 Reason-Based Logic|37
3|3.1 Introduction|37
3|3.2 Reasons Instead of Rules|38
3|3.3 Reasons|38
3|3.4 Nexus|39
3|3.5 Balancing|40
3|3.6 Exclusionary Reasons and Rules|40
3|3.7 Exceptions to Rules|41
3|3.8 Conclusion|42
2|4 Legal Reasoning as Dialog|42
3|4.1 Legal Constructivism|43
3|4.2 Reasons in a Dialogical Setting|44
3|4.3 Commitment|45
3|4.4 The Role of Law|46
2|5 The Nature of Soft Law|47
3|5.1 Two Sides of Soft Law|48
3|5.2 Applicability|49
3|5.3 Binding Force|49
3|5.4 Substantive and Formal Reasons for Binding Force|51
3|5.5 Exceptions and Strength of Reasons|52
2|6 Conclusion|53
2|References|54
1|Concept and Validity of Law|55
2|1 Introduction|55
2|2 The Concept of Law: Law as a Reflective Normative System|57
3|2.1 The Definition of Law|57
3|2.2 Possible Objections to This Definition|61
2|3 The Concept of the Validity of Law|63
3|3.1 Validity|63
3|3.2 Validity of Law|67
3|3.3 Forms of the Validity of Law|68
4|Reasons for the Distinctions of the Forms of Validity|68
4|Legal Validity of Law|69
4|The Social Validity of Law|72
4|The Moral Validity of Law|75
4|The Mutual Relation of the Forms of Validity|75
2|4 Conclusion: The Bindingness of Law|78
2|References|79
1|Sources and Validity|82
2|1 Introduction|83
2|2 Sources of Law: The Simple Model|83
3|2.1 Sources as (Generic) Facts|83
3|2.2 Source Statements|85
3|2.3 Source Statements and Legal Statements|87
3|2.4 Sources, Persons, and Authorities|89
2|3 Sources, Membership, Conformity|91
3|3.1 Two Notions of Validity|91
3|3.2 Sources as Criteria of Membership|94
3|3.3 Sources, Validity, and Publicity|98
2|4 To Sum Up and Proceed Elsewhere|102
2|References|103
1|Unlocking Legal Validity: Some Remarks on the Artificial Ontology of Law|105
2|1 Introduction|105
2|2 The Ambiguity About Validity|106
3|2.1 The Source of the Ambiguity|106
3|2.2 The Ambiguity in Kelsen|108
3|2.3 The Results of the Ambiguity|109
2|3 Some Remarks on Normative Ontology|110
2|4 Explaining the Validity Vis-à-vis the Existence of Law|115
3|4.1 Formal and Material Validity|116
3|4.2 Formally Valid but Not Materially So-The Mysterious Status of ``Unlawful Law´´|118
3|4.3 The Artificial Ontology of Modern Law|120
2|5 Validity and Objectivity: On the Epistemic Dimension of Law|123
2|6 Conclusion|126
2|References|128
1|What Is Legal Validity and Is It Important? Some Critical Remarks About the Legal Status of Soft Law|130
2|1 Introduction|130
2|2 Existence, Gültigkeit, Geltung, and Efficacy|131
3|2.1 Existence|131
3|2.2 Gültigkeit|132
3|2.3 Geltung|134
4|Generating Deontic Consequences|134
4|Legal Geltung Is About Rules in Words, Not About Rules in Action or Efficacy|136
4|Social Geltung Is Not Efficacy Either|136
4|Geltung and Existence|137
3|2.4 Efficacy|137
4|Internal and External Points of View|137
4|Social and Legal Efficacy|138
4|Existence and Efficacy|138
2|3 Soft Law, Validity, and Trust|139
3|3.1 Soft Law|139
3|3.2 Validity|140
3|3.3 Validity and Trust|142
4|Rule-Based Decision Making and Trust|142
4|Rule of Law|143
4|The Judiciary|144
2|4 The Legal Status of Dutch Codes of Conduct for the Judiciary|144
3|4.1 Two Codes of Conduct|145
3|4.2 A Legal Case|147
2|5 Conclusion|148
2|References|148
1|A Fuller Understanding of Legal Validity and Soft Law|150
2|1 Of Dubious Origin|150
2|2 A Positivist Conception of Validity|152
2|3 An Interactionist Conception of Validity|154
3|3.1 Legislation|154
3|3.2 Other Forms of Social Regulation|156
2|4 Soft Law Revisited|160
3|4.1 The Positivist Rejection of Soft Law|160
3|4.2 The Interactionist Reappraisal of Soft Law|162
2|5 Taking Soft Law Seriously|165
2|References|168
1|Validity: The Reputation of Rules|170
2|1 Introduction|170
2|2 Validity as Reputation|171
2|3 Type-Validity|174
2|4 Collective Agreement and Functionality|177
2|5 Sources and Status|180
2|6 The Fragility of Validity|183
2|7 Conclusion|185
2|References|186
1|A Short Note on the Validity of Rules Guiding Informal Markets|188
2|1 Introduction|188
2|2 The Case|190
3|2.1 Solving the Credible Commitment Problem|190
3|2.2 Solving the Liquidity Problem|191
2|3 The Attribution of Validity|192
2|4 Trust and Reputation|193
2|5 Conditions for Efficacy|194
2|6 Conclusion|196
2|References|197
1|Critical Remarks on Alf Ross´s Probabilistic Concept of Validity|198
2|1 Introduction|198
2|2 Ross´s Conception of Validity|199
2|3 Critique|202
2|References|207
1|Sovereignty and Validity: On the Relation Between the Concepts and the Role of Acceptance|208
2|1 Introduction|208
2|2 Sovereignty|210
2|3 Validity|212
3|3.1 Validity from Pedigree|214
3|3.2 Validity from Reason|216
3|3.3 Validity from Acceptance|218
4|Institutional Plus Acceptance|218
4|Only Acceptance|220
4|Evaluation|222
2|4 Conclusion|223
2|References|224
1|Legal Validity, Soft Law, and International Human Rights Law|226
2|1 Introduction|226
2|2 Normativity, Validity, Legitimacy|229
2|3 The Political Context of Formal Validity and the Character of International Law|233
2|4 Soft Law in International Law|237
2|5 Soft Law in International Human Rights Law: The CESCR General Comments|240
2|6 Conclusion|245
2|References|246
1|Soft Law in Public International Law: A Pragmatic or a Principled Choice? Comparing the Sustainable Development Goals and the ...|248
2|1 Happy Days in 2015|248
2|2 The International Legal Order at a Crossroads|250
2|3 Soft Law in International Law|252
2|4 The Two-Track Approach to International Law and Sustainable Development|255
2|5 Comparing the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement|258
2|6 Concluding Observations: The Choice for Soft Law|266
2|References|270
2|Books and Articles|270
2|Documents, Cases, Reports etc.|270
1|Contents|8
1|Validity in Positive Law: A Mere Summary Concept|10
2|1 Introduction|11
2|2 Legal Practice|14
2|3 History of the Concept of Validity in Philosophy and Legal Theory|17
2|4 Validity as the Decision About the Membership of a Norm in a Legal System?|21
2|5 What Is the Function of the Summary Concept of Validity in Metanorms?|22
2|6 Is the Concept of Validity a Continuum Concept?|23
2|7 What Are the Inner Legal Conditions for a Legal Norm to Be Valid Law?|24
2|8 What Are the Outer Legal Conditions for a Legal Norm to Be Valid Law?|24
2|9 What Is the Relationship of the Summary Concept of Legal Validity to the Other Phases Respectively Consecutive Properties of...|25
2|References|26
1|What Is Legal Validity? Lessons from Soft Law|28
2|1 Introduction|29
2|2 Internal and External Claims About Legal Validity|30
3|2.1 Binding Force|30
3|2.2 Introducing Validity Claims|31
3|2.3 Internal Validity Claims: Binding Force and Source Validity|33
3|2.4 External Validity Claims: Validity as Efficacy|34
2|3 Reason-Based Logic|37
3|3.1 Introduction|37
3|3.2 Reasons Instead of Rules|38
3|3.3 Reasons|38
3|3.4 Nexus|39
3|3.5 Balancing|40
3|3.6 Exclusionary Reasons and Rules|40
3|3.7 Exceptions to Rules|41
3|3.8 Conclusion|42
2|4 Legal Reasoning as Dialog|42
3|4.1 Legal Constructivism|43
3|4.2 Reasons in a Dialogical Setting|44
3|4.3 Commitment|45
3|4.4 The Role of Law|46
2|5 The Nature of Soft Law|47
3|5.1 Two Sides of Soft Law|48
3|5.2 Applicability|49
3|5.3 Binding Force|49
3|5.4 Substantive and Formal Reasons for Binding Force|51
3|5.5 Exceptions and Strength of Reasons|52
2|6 Conclusion|53
2|References|54
1|Concept and Validity of Law|55
2|1 Introduction|55
2|2 The Concept of Law: Law as a Reflective Normative System|57
3|2.1 The Definition of Law|57
3|2.2 Possible Objections to This Definition|61
2|3 The Concept of the Validity of Law|63
3|3.1 Validity|63
3|3.2 Validity of Law|67
3|3.3 Forms of the Validity of Law|68
4|Reasons for the Distinctions of the Forms of Validity|68
4|Legal Validity of Law|69
4|The Social Validity of Law|72
4|The Moral Validity of Law|75
4|The Mutual Relation of the Forms of Validity|75
2|4 Conclusion: The Bindingness of Law|78
2|References|79
1|Sources and Validity|82
2|1 Introduction|83
2|2 Sources of Law: The Simple Model|83
3|2.1 Sources as (Generic) Facts|83
3|2.2 Source Statements|85
3|2.3 Source Statements and Legal Statements|87
3|2.4 Sources, Persons, and Authorities|89
2|3 Sources, Membership, Conformity|91
3|3.1 Two Notions of Validity|91
3|3.2 Sources as Criteria of Membership|94
3|3.3 Sources, Validity, and Publicity|98
2|4 To Sum Up and Proceed Elsewhere|102
2|References|103
1|Unlocking Legal Validity: Some Remarks on the Artificial Ontology of Law|105
2|1 Introduction|105
2|2 The Ambiguity About Validity|106
3|2.1 The Source of the Ambiguity|106
3|2.2 The Ambiguity in Kelsen|108
3|2.3 The Results of the Ambiguity|109
2|3 Some Remarks on Normative Ontology|110
2|4 Explaining the Validity Vis-à-vis the Existence of Law|115
3|4.1 Formal and Material Validity|116
3|4.2 Formally Valid but Not Materially So-The Mysterious Status of ``Unlawful Law´´|118
3|4.3 The Artificial Ontology of Modern Law|120
2|5 Validity and Objectivity: On the Epistemic Dimension of Law|123
2|6 Conclusion|126
2|References|128
1|What Is Legal Validity and Is It Important? Some Critical Remarks About the Legal Status of Soft Law|130
2|1 Introduction|130
2|2 Existence, Gültigkeit, Geltung, and Efficacy|131
3|2.1 Existence|131
3|2.2 Gültigkeit|132
3|2.3 Geltung|134
4|Generating Deontic Consequences|134
4|Legal Geltung Is About Rules in Words, Not About Rules in Action or Efficacy|136
4|Social Geltung Is Not Efficacy Either|136
4|Geltung and Existence|137
3|2.4 Efficacy|137
4|Internal and External Points of View|137
4|Social and Legal Efficacy|138
4|Existence and Efficacy|138
2|3 Soft Law, Validity, and Trust|139
3|3.1 Soft Law|139
3|3.2 Validity|140
3|3.3 Validity and Trust|142
4|Rule-Based Decision Making and Trust|142
4|Rule of Law|143
4|The Judiciary|144
2|4 The Legal Status of Dutch Codes of Conduct for the Judiciary|144
3|4.1 Two Codes of Conduct|145
3|4.2 A Legal Case|147
2|5 Conclusion|148
2|References|148
1|A Fuller Understanding of Legal Validity and Soft Law|150
2|1 Of Dubious Origin|150
2|2 A Positivist Conception of Validity|152
2|3 An Interactionist Conception of Validity|154
3|3.1 Legislation|154
3|3.2 Other Forms of Social Regulation|156
2|4 Soft Law Revisited|160
3|4.1 The Positivist Rejection of Soft Law|160
3|4.2 The Interactionist Reappraisal of Soft Law|162
2|5 Taking Soft Law Seriously|165
2|References|168
1|Validity: The Reputation of Rules|170
2|1 Introduction|170
2|2 Validity as Reputation|171
2|3 Type-Validity|174
2|4 Collective Agreement and Functionality|177
2|5 Sources and Status|180
2|6 The Fragility of Validity|183
2|7 Conclusion|185
2|References|186
1|A Short Note on the Validity of Rules Guiding Informal Markets|188
2|1 Introduction|188
2|2 The Case|190
3|2.1 Solving the Credible Commitment Problem|190
3|2.2 Solving the Liquidity Problem|191
2|3 The Attribution of Validity|192
2|4 Trust and Reputation|193
2|5 Conditions for Efficacy|194
2|6 Conclusion|196
2|References|197
1|Critical Remarks on Alf Ross´s Probabilistic Concept of Validity|198
2|1 Introduction|198
2|2 Ross´s Conception of Validity|199
2|3 Critique|202
2|References|207
1|Sovereignty and Validity: On the Relation Between the Concepts and the Role of Acceptance|208
2|1 Introduction|208
2|2 Sovereignty|210
2|3 Validity|212
3|3.1 Validity from Pedigree|214
3|3.2 Validity from Reason|216
3|3.3 Validity from Acceptance|218
4|Institutional Plus Acceptance|218
4|Only Acceptance|220
4|Evaluation|222
2|4 Conclusion|223
2|References|224
1|Legal Validity, Soft Law, and International Human Rights Law|226
2|1 Introduction|226
2|2 Normativity, Validity, Legitimacy|229
2|3 The Political Context of Formal Validity and the Character of International Law|233
2|4 Soft Law in International Law|237
2|5 Soft Law in International Human Rights Law: The CESCR General Comments|240
2|6 Conclusion|245
2|References|246
1|Soft Law in Public International Law: A Pragmatic or a Principled Choice? Comparing the Sustainable Development Goals and the ...|248
2|1 Happy Days in 2015|248
2|2 The International Legal Order at a Crossroads|250
2|3 Soft Law in International Law|252
2|4 The Two-Track Approach to International Law and Sustainable Development|255
2|5 Comparing the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement|258
2|6 Concluding Observations: The Choice for Soft Law|266
2|References|270
2|Books and Articles|270
2|Documents, Cases, Reports etc.|270