File #2710: "2019_Book_TheCodesOfTheStreetInRiskyNeig.pdf"
Testo
1|Foreword|5
1|Contents|8
1|1 Introduction|12
2|References|15
1|2 Risky Neighborhoods as Specific Type of Social Space|17
2|2.1 Segregation and the Neighborhood as a Precondition for Risky Neighborhoods|17
2|2.2 The Consequence of a Neighborhood Effects on Individuals|19
2|2.3 Normative Structure of Neighborhoods|21
3|2.3.1 The Collective Prevention of Crime: Collective Efficacy|21
3|2.3.2 The Collective Reaction to Discrimination: Legal Cynicism|23
3|2.3.3 Individual Patterns of How to Cope with Perceived Risk: Spatial Threat Approaches|24
2|2.4 Risky Neighborhood: An Analytical Concept|25
2|References|27
1|3 Violence-Related Norms and the “Code of the Street”|30
2|3.1 Violence and Norms: An Overview|30
2|3.2 Code of the Street|33
3|3.2.1 Basic Assumptions of the Code of the Street|34
3|3.2.2 The Code in the Socialization|35
3|3.2.3 Manhood and the Code|37
3|3.2.4 The Code as Decency Dilemma|37
3|3.2.5 The Code and Violence|38
2|3.3 Empirical Findings of the Code of the Street in Further Studies|39
3|3.3.1 General Findings About the Code of the Street|40
3|3.3.2 Code and Family|41
3|3.3.3 Code as a Strategy to Gain Safety|43
3|3.3.4 Code and Identity|44
2|3.4 The Code of the Street as the Analytical Framework for the Empirical Analysis|44
2|References|45
1|4 Comparing Violence-Related Norms|48
2|4.1 Introduction to the Field of Cross-Cultural Comparison|48
2|4.2 The Need for Comparison|49
2|4.3 Shared Methodological Concerns|51
2|4.4 Comparing the Literature on the Three Countries|57
2|4.5 Functional Comparisons and Codes|61
2|References|62
1|5 Research Design|69
2|5.1 Contextual Factors of Data Selection|69
2|5.2 Sampling Strategy|72
2|5.3 Interview Guidelines and the Analytical Strategy|73
2|5.4 Ethical Concerns|74
2|References|76
1|6 Description of the German Context|78
2|6.1 Neighborhood Selection and Description in the German Context|79
3|6.1.1 Dortmund-Nordstadt|79
3|6.1.2 Duisburg-Marxloh|80
3|6.1.3 Berlin-Neukoelln|80
3|6.1.4 Berlin-Wedding|81
2|6.2 Description of the German Sample|81
2|6.3 Code of the Street in Germany: A Closer Look into the Neighborhoods|82
3|6.3.1 Description of the Violence-Related Norms and Neighborhood Perceptions in Dortmund-Nordstadt|83
3|6.3.2 Description of the Violence-Related Norms and Neighborhood Perception in Duisburg-Marxloh|83
3|6.3.3 Description of the Violence-Related Norms and Neighborhood Perception in Berlin-Neukoelln|84
3|6.3.4 Description of the Violence-Related Norms and Neighborhood Perception in Berlin-Wedding|85
2|6.4 Reflection About the German Context|85
2|References|85
1|7 Description of the Pakistani Context|87
2|7.1 Neighborhood Selection in the Pakistani Context|89
3|7.1.1 Bari Imam|89
3|7.1.2 France Colony F-7 Sector|90
3|7.1.3 Dhok Matkial|91
3|7.1.4 Lyari|92
2|7.2 Description of the Pakistani Sample|92
2|7.3 Code of the Street in Pakistan: An Overview of the Neighborhoods|93
3|7.3.1 Description of the Violence-Related Norms and Neighborhood Perceptions in Bari Imam|94
3|7.3.2 Description of the Violence-Related Norms and Neighborhood Perception in France Colony F-7 Islamabad|95
3|7.3.3 Description of the Violence-Related Norms and Neighborhood Perception in Dhok Matkial|96
2|7.4 Reflection About the Pakistani Context|96
2|References|96
1|8 Description of the South African Context|98
2|8.1 Introduction to the South African Research Context|98
2|8.2 Political Eviction and Economic Migrancy—The History of the Communities in South Africa|100
3|8.2.1 Hanover Park—Cape Town|101
3|8.2.2 Umgeni/KwaMashu—Durban|103
2|8.3 Contemporary Context, Criminality, and Youth Violence in South Africa|106
2|8.4 Comparative Considerations and Concerns for the South African Context|107
2|8.5 Reflection About the South African Context|108
2|References|109
1|9 Cross-Cultural Comparison of the Code of the Street|112
2|9.1 Introduction into the Discussion About Findings of the Cross-Cultural Comparison|112
2|9.2 Comparison of the Core Elements of the Code of the Street|113
2|9.3 Perception of Risky Neighborhoods|113
3|9.3.1 Comparison of Social Space/Neighborhoods|113
3|9.3.2 Reflections on the Findings About the Perception of Risky Neighborhoods|121
2|9.4 The Shape of the Code of the Street in Cross-Cultural Comparison|121
3|9.4.1 Comparison of Street Etiquette|121
3|9.4.2 Comparison of Symbols|125
3|9.4.3 Comparison of Toughness and Masculinity|132
3|9.4.4 Comparison of Friends|137
3|9.4.5 Comparison of Respect|142
3|9.4.6 Comparison of Enemy|150
3|9.4.7 Reflection of the Shape of the Code of the Street|156
2|9.5 Consequences of the Code of the Street for Male Juveniles from a Comparative Perspective|156
3|9.5.1 Comparison of Violence Perception|156
3|9.5.2 Reflection of the Consequences of the Code of the Street|162
2|9.6 Conclusion of the Cross-Cultural Comparison About the Code of the Street|162
2|References|163
1|10 Spotlight on Street Violence in a Cross-Cultural Comparison|164
2|10.1 Comparison of Success|164
2|10.2 Comparison of the Role of the Family|169
2|10.3 Comparison of Modalities of Technology|175
2|10.4 Comparison of Police and State Institutions|178
2|10.5 Patterns of Street Violence in a Cross-Cultural Comparison|181
2|Reference|183
1|11 Conclusion: The Need to Develop the Code of the Street into a General Approach|184
2|11.1 Answer of the Research the Question|184
2|11.2 Similarities to the Code: Evidence of Cross-Cultural Comparison|185
2|11.3 Differences to the Code: Evidence of Cross-Cultural Comparison|187
2|11.4 What Does it Mean for the Code of the Street as a General Approach?|190
2|References|193
1|Index|195
1|Contents|8
1|1 Introduction|12
2|References|15
1|2 Risky Neighborhoods as Specific Type of Social Space|17
2|2.1 Segregation and the Neighborhood as a Precondition for Risky Neighborhoods|17
2|2.2 The Consequence of a Neighborhood Effects on Individuals|19
2|2.3 Normative Structure of Neighborhoods|21
3|2.3.1 The Collective Prevention of Crime: Collective Efficacy|21
3|2.3.2 The Collective Reaction to Discrimination: Legal Cynicism|23
3|2.3.3 Individual Patterns of How to Cope with Perceived Risk: Spatial Threat Approaches|24
2|2.4 Risky Neighborhood: An Analytical Concept|25
2|References|27
1|3 Violence-Related Norms and the “Code of the Street”|30
2|3.1 Violence and Norms: An Overview|30
2|3.2 Code of the Street|33
3|3.2.1 Basic Assumptions of the Code of the Street|34
3|3.2.2 The Code in the Socialization|35
3|3.2.3 Manhood and the Code|37
3|3.2.4 The Code as Decency Dilemma|37
3|3.2.5 The Code and Violence|38
2|3.3 Empirical Findings of the Code of the Street in Further Studies|39
3|3.3.1 General Findings About the Code of the Street|40
3|3.3.2 Code and Family|41
3|3.3.3 Code as a Strategy to Gain Safety|43
3|3.3.4 Code and Identity|44
2|3.4 The Code of the Street as the Analytical Framework for the Empirical Analysis|44
2|References|45
1|4 Comparing Violence-Related Norms|48
2|4.1 Introduction to the Field of Cross-Cultural Comparison|48
2|4.2 The Need for Comparison|49
2|4.3 Shared Methodological Concerns|51
2|4.4 Comparing the Literature on the Three Countries|57
2|4.5 Functional Comparisons and Codes|61
2|References|62
1|5 Research Design|69
2|5.1 Contextual Factors of Data Selection|69
2|5.2 Sampling Strategy|72
2|5.3 Interview Guidelines and the Analytical Strategy|73
2|5.4 Ethical Concerns|74
2|References|76
1|6 Description of the German Context|78
2|6.1 Neighborhood Selection and Description in the German Context|79
3|6.1.1 Dortmund-Nordstadt|79
3|6.1.2 Duisburg-Marxloh|80
3|6.1.3 Berlin-Neukoelln|80
3|6.1.4 Berlin-Wedding|81
2|6.2 Description of the German Sample|81
2|6.3 Code of the Street in Germany: A Closer Look into the Neighborhoods|82
3|6.3.1 Description of the Violence-Related Norms and Neighborhood Perceptions in Dortmund-Nordstadt|83
3|6.3.2 Description of the Violence-Related Norms and Neighborhood Perception in Duisburg-Marxloh|83
3|6.3.3 Description of the Violence-Related Norms and Neighborhood Perception in Berlin-Neukoelln|84
3|6.3.4 Description of the Violence-Related Norms and Neighborhood Perception in Berlin-Wedding|85
2|6.4 Reflection About the German Context|85
2|References|85
1|7 Description of the Pakistani Context|87
2|7.1 Neighborhood Selection in the Pakistani Context|89
3|7.1.1 Bari Imam|89
3|7.1.2 France Colony F-7 Sector|90
3|7.1.3 Dhok Matkial|91
3|7.1.4 Lyari|92
2|7.2 Description of the Pakistani Sample|92
2|7.3 Code of the Street in Pakistan: An Overview of the Neighborhoods|93
3|7.3.1 Description of the Violence-Related Norms and Neighborhood Perceptions in Bari Imam|94
3|7.3.2 Description of the Violence-Related Norms and Neighborhood Perception in France Colony F-7 Islamabad|95
3|7.3.3 Description of the Violence-Related Norms and Neighborhood Perception in Dhok Matkial|96
2|7.4 Reflection About the Pakistani Context|96
2|References|96
1|8 Description of the South African Context|98
2|8.1 Introduction to the South African Research Context|98
2|8.2 Political Eviction and Economic Migrancy—The History of the Communities in South Africa|100
3|8.2.1 Hanover Park—Cape Town|101
3|8.2.2 Umgeni/KwaMashu—Durban|103
2|8.3 Contemporary Context, Criminality, and Youth Violence in South Africa|106
2|8.4 Comparative Considerations and Concerns for the South African Context|107
2|8.5 Reflection About the South African Context|108
2|References|109
1|9 Cross-Cultural Comparison of the Code of the Street|112
2|9.1 Introduction into the Discussion About Findings of the Cross-Cultural Comparison|112
2|9.2 Comparison of the Core Elements of the Code of the Street|113
2|9.3 Perception of Risky Neighborhoods|113
3|9.3.1 Comparison of Social Space/Neighborhoods|113
3|9.3.2 Reflections on the Findings About the Perception of Risky Neighborhoods|121
2|9.4 The Shape of the Code of the Street in Cross-Cultural Comparison|121
3|9.4.1 Comparison of Street Etiquette|121
3|9.4.2 Comparison of Symbols|125
3|9.4.3 Comparison of Toughness and Masculinity|132
3|9.4.4 Comparison of Friends|137
3|9.4.5 Comparison of Respect|142
3|9.4.6 Comparison of Enemy|150
3|9.4.7 Reflection of the Shape of the Code of the Street|156
2|9.5 Consequences of the Code of the Street for Male Juveniles from a Comparative Perspective|156
3|9.5.1 Comparison of Violence Perception|156
3|9.5.2 Reflection of the Consequences of the Code of the Street|162
2|9.6 Conclusion of the Cross-Cultural Comparison About the Code of the Street|162
2|References|163
1|10 Spotlight on Street Violence in a Cross-Cultural Comparison|164
2|10.1 Comparison of Success|164
2|10.2 Comparison of the Role of the Family|169
2|10.3 Comparison of Modalities of Technology|175
2|10.4 Comparison of Police and State Institutions|178
2|10.5 Patterns of Street Violence in a Cross-Cultural Comparison|181
2|Reference|183
1|11 Conclusion: The Need to Develop the Code of the Street into a General Approach|184
2|11.1 Answer of the Research the Question|184
2|11.2 Similarities to the Code: Evidence of Cross-Cultural Comparison|185
2|11.3 Differences to the Code: Evidence of Cross-Cultural Comparison|187
2|11.4 What Does it Mean for the Code of the Street as a General Approach?|190
2|References|193
1|Index|195