File #2734: "2019_Book_ClimateRefugeesInSouthAsia.pdf"
Testo
1|Acknowledgements|6
1|Contents|8
1|About the Authors|12
1|Abbreviations|14
1|1 Introduction|18
2|1.1 Book Structure|28
1|2 Conceptualizing the Climate Change Migration in South Asia|32
2|2.1 Introduction|32
2|2.2 The Science of Climate Change|34
2|2.3 South Asia and Susceptibility to Climate Change|37
2|2.4 Climate Change and Global Human Displacement|41
2|2.5 Climate Change and Human Displacement in South Asia|45
2|2.6 Typology of Climate Change-Induced Displacement in South Asia|52
2|2.7 Internal Displacement/Migration|53
2|2.8 Cross-Border Migration|55
2|2.9 Climate Refugee: Concepts, Definition and Its Dimensions|57
2|2.10 Conclusion|61
1|3 Climate Change Displacement and Refugees: ‘Normative Debate’|63
2|3.1 Introduction|63
2|3.2 Climate Change-Induced Displacement: Myth or Reality?|64
2|3.3 Identifying the Contours of Normative Debate on Climate Refugees|67
2|3.4 Rethinking the ‘Debate on Environmental Refugees’: From ‘Maximalists and Minimalists Perspectives’|72
2|3.5 Approaches to Climate Change Human Mobility: An Evolving Concept|76
2|3.6 Climate Change Rights as Human Rights|80
2|3.7 Conclusion|93
1|4 Climate Change Migration: Legal Protection Under International Refugee Law and Climate Change Legal Regime|95
2|4.1 Introduction|96
2|4.2 Protection Under International Climate Regime: Development of International Climate Regime|97
2|4.3 The United Nations’ Framework Convention on Climate Change: Declaration of Principles|100
2|4.4 Kyoto Protocol, Protecting Climate Through Obligations: An Analysis|104
2|4.5 Legal Principles of COP in Response to Climate Displacement|105
2|4.6 Paris Agreement: Consensus of the International Community|111
2|4.7 Limitations of Climate Law Regime in Dealing with Climate Displacement|112
2|4.8 Application of International Customary Law|113
2|4.9 The Legal Protection Under International Refugee Law|116
2|4.10 Protection Under International Human Rights Law (IHRL)|122
2|4.11 Protection Under International Refugee Law: Kinds?|127
2|4.12 Extended Approaches Along the Contours of the Proposed Solutions to Remedy the Plight of Climate Change Refugees|129
2|4.13 Advocacy for an Alternative Regional/International Legal Regime on Climate Refugees|131
2|4.14 Conclusion|135
1|5 Climate Refugees: South Asian States’ Legal Protection Practices|138
2|5.1 Introduction|138
2|5.2 Reception of International Refugee Law in South Asia|139
2|5.3 Domestic Legal and Institutional Mechanism to Protect Climate Refugees Under Refugees Laws in South Asia|144
3|5.3.1 Afghanistan|144
3|5.3.2 Bangladesh|145
3|5.3.3 Bhutan|147
3|5.3.4 India|149
3|5.3.5 Maldives|153
3|5.3.6 Nepal|154
3|5.3.7 Pakistan|155
3|5.3.8 Sri Lanka|156
3|5.3.9 Reception of International Climate Change Law in South Asia|157
2|5.4 Domestic Legal and Institutional Mechanism to Protect Climate Refugees in South Asia|170
2|5.5 Legal and Institutional Mechanisms to Protect Climate Refugees Under the Environmental Laws|171
3|5.5.1 Afghanistan|171
3|5.5.2 Bangladesh|173
3|5.5.3 Bhutan|177
3|5.5.4 India|179
3|5.5.5 Nepal|188
3|5.5.6 Pakistan|191
3|5.5.7 Maldives|196
3|5.5.8 Sri Lanka|198
2|5.6 Protection Gaps in National Climate Laws and Policies in South Asia|201
2|5.7 Migration Governance in South Asia: National Security Narratives|208
2|5.8 Conclusion|213
1|6 Climate Refugees: The Role of South Asian Judiciaries in Protecting the Climate Refugees|217
2|6.1 Introduction|217
2|6.2 Judicial Responses to International Refugee Law in South Asia|219
2|6.3 Judicial Responses to International Climate Change Legal Regime in South Asia|226
2|6.4 Bangladesh|235
2|6.5 India|237
2|6.6 Nepal|246
2|6.7 Pakistan|248
2|6.8 Sri Lanka|252
2|6.9 Making a Case for Intra-South Asian Judicial Interactions on Climate Refugees|255
2|6.10 Evolving Climate Change Regional Constitutionalism|264
2|6.11 Conclusion|267
1|7 The Role of the SAARC: Way Forward|269
2|7.1 Introduction|270
2|7.2 Climate Change Migration Consciousness and Challenges in South Asia|271
2|7.3 SAARC and Climate Law Responses|273
2|7.4 Hybrid Integration of International Legal Norms with Regional Aspirations|283
2|7.5 The Need for Regional Trans-boundary Cooperation to Address Climate Displacement and Migration|292
2|7.6 Advocacy for an Alternative Regional Regime on Climate Refugees|295
2|7.7 Conclusion|301
1|Contents|8
1|About the Authors|12
1|Abbreviations|14
1|1 Introduction|18
2|1.1 Book Structure|28
1|2 Conceptualizing the Climate Change Migration in South Asia|32
2|2.1 Introduction|32
2|2.2 The Science of Climate Change|34
2|2.3 South Asia and Susceptibility to Climate Change|37
2|2.4 Climate Change and Global Human Displacement|41
2|2.5 Climate Change and Human Displacement in South Asia|45
2|2.6 Typology of Climate Change-Induced Displacement in South Asia|52
2|2.7 Internal Displacement/Migration|53
2|2.8 Cross-Border Migration|55
2|2.9 Climate Refugee: Concepts, Definition and Its Dimensions|57
2|2.10 Conclusion|61
1|3 Climate Change Displacement and Refugees: ‘Normative Debate’|63
2|3.1 Introduction|63
2|3.2 Climate Change-Induced Displacement: Myth or Reality?|64
2|3.3 Identifying the Contours of Normative Debate on Climate Refugees|67
2|3.4 Rethinking the ‘Debate on Environmental Refugees’: From ‘Maximalists and Minimalists Perspectives’|72
2|3.5 Approaches to Climate Change Human Mobility: An Evolving Concept|76
2|3.6 Climate Change Rights as Human Rights|80
2|3.7 Conclusion|93
1|4 Climate Change Migration: Legal Protection Under International Refugee Law and Climate Change Legal Regime|95
2|4.1 Introduction|96
2|4.2 Protection Under International Climate Regime: Development of International Climate Regime|97
2|4.3 The United Nations’ Framework Convention on Climate Change: Declaration of Principles|100
2|4.4 Kyoto Protocol, Protecting Climate Through Obligations: An Analysis|104
2|4.5 Legal Principles of COP in Response to Climate Displacement|105
2|4.6 Paris Agreement: Consensus of the International Community|111
2|4.7 Limitations of Climate Law Regime in Dealing with Climate Displacement|112
2|4.8 Application of International Customary Law|113
2|4.9 The Legal Protection Under International Refugee Law|116
2|4.10 Protection Under International Human Rights Law (IHRL)|122
2|4.11 Protection Under International Refugee Law: Kinds?|127
2|4.12 Extended Approaches Along the Contours of the Proposed Solutions to Remedy the Plight of Climate Change Refugees|129
2|4.13 Advocacy for an Alternative Regional/International Legal Regime on Climate Refugees|131
2|4.14 Conclusion|135
1|5 Climate Refugees: South Asian States’ Legal Protection Practices|138
2|5.1 Introduction|138
2|5.2 Reception of International Refugee Law in South Asia|139
2|5.3 Domestic Legal and Institutional Mechanism to Protect Climate Refugees Under Refugees Laws in South Asia|144
3|5.3.1 Afghanistan|144
3|5.3.2 Bangladesh|145
3|5.3.3 Bhutan|147
3|5.3.4 India|149
3|5.3.5 Maldives|153
3|5.3.6 Nepal|154
3|5.3.7 Pakistan|155
3|5.3.8 Sri Lanka|156
3|5.3.9 Reception of International Climate Change Law in South Asia|157
2|5.4 Domestic Legal and Institutional Mechanism to Protect Climate Refugees in South Asia|170
2|5.5 Legal and Institutional Mechanisms to Protect Climate Refugees Under the Environmental Laws|171
3|5.5.1 Afghanistan|171
3|5.5.2 Bangladesh|173
3|5.5.3 Bhutan|177
3|5.5.4 India|179
3|5.5.5 Nepal|188
3|5.5.6 Pakistan|191
3|5.5.7 Maldives|196
3|5.5.8 Sri Lanka|198
2|5.6 Protection Gaps in National Climate Laws and Policies in South Asia|201
2|5.7 Migration Governance in South Asia: National Security Narratives|208
2|5.8 Conclusion|213
1|6 Climate Refugees: The Role of South Asian Judiciaries in Protecting the Climate Refugees|217
2|6.1 Introduction|217
2|6.2 Judicial Responses to International Refugee Law in South Asia|219
2|6.3 Judicial Responses to International Climate Change Legal Regime in South Asia|226
2|6.4 Bangladesh|235
2|6.5 India|237
2|6.6 Nepal|246
2|6.7 Pakistan|248
2|6.8 Sri Lanka|252
2|6.9 Making a Case for Intra-South Asian Judicial Interactions on Climate Refugees|255
2|6.10 Evolving Climate Change Regional Constitutionalism|264
2|6.11 Conclusion|267
1|7 The Role of the SAARC: Way Forward|269
2|7.1 Introduction|270
2|7.2 Climate Change Migration Consciousness and Challenges in South Asia|271
2|7.3 SAARC and Climate Law Responses|273
2|7.4 Hybrid Integration of International Legal Norms with Regional Aspirations|283
2|7.5 The Need for Regional Trans-boundary Cooperation to Address Climate Displacement and Migration|292
2|7.6 Advocacy for an Alternative Regional Regime on Climate Refugees|295
2|7.7 Conclusion|301