File #2791: "2019_Book_SmallStatesAndTheChangingGloba.pdf"
Testo
1|Acknowledgements|6
1|Contents|8
1|Contributors|11
1|Chapter 1: Small Can Be Huge: New Zealand Foreign Policy in an Era of Global Uncertainty|13
2|References|21
1|Part I: New Zealand Foreign Policy Institutions and Process|23
2|Chapter 2: The Urgent Versus the Important: How Foreign and Security Policy Is Negotiated in New Zealand|24
3|2.1 Who Runs New Zealand Foreign Policy?|27
3|2.2 The Drive for a Strategic Discussion|34
3|2.3 The Use of Intelligence to Understand a Complex World|38
3|2.4 Engaging the Public|43
3|2.5 Future Challenges|45
3|References|46
2|Chapter 3: The New Zealand Defence Force Role in New Zealand Foreign Policy|49
3|3.1 New Zealand´s Defence Policy|50
3|3.2 Defence Deployments and Foreign Policy Objectives|53
3|3.3 Looking Ahead|60
3|3.4 Conclusions|62
3|References|63
2|Chapter 4: Aid and Foreign Policy: New Zealand Development Assistance in the Pacific|64
3|4.1 Aid in the Pacific|65
3|4.2 The Contested Pacific Aid Regime|67
3|4.3 A Broad Vision for New Zealand Aid|69
3|4.4 Global Comparison of New Zealand Aid|70
3|4.5 New Zealand Aid Disbursement to the Pacific|73
3|4.6 Administering Aid|76
3|4.7 Types of Aid Disbursement in the Pacific|77
3|4.8 Bilateral ODA|77
3|4.9 Multilateral ODA|78
3|4.10 The Benefits of Aid to NZ|78
3|4.11 Concluding Comments|80
3|References|81
2|Chapter 5: Small States in a New Era of Public Diplomacy: New Zealand and Digital Diplomacy|83
3|5.1 Digital Diplomacy as a New Tool of Diplomatic Practice|84
3|5.2 Digital Diplomacy and New Zealand: Formulation and Projection|87
3|5.3 Crafting Narratives: Alignment and Intra-New Zealand Institutional Cooperation|88
3|5.4 MFAT´s Digital Tools|91
3|5.5 Multiplier Effect Tools|91
3|5.6 Intergovernmental Cooperation|92
3|5.7 Cooperation Between Intra-Government Bodies|93
3|5.8 Social Media Personalities|93
3|5.9 Addressing Challenges: Dealing with Reception|95
3|5.10 Conclusions|95
3|References|97
1|Part II: New Zealand´s Bedrock Bilateral Relationships|98
2|Chapter 6: Pragmatic Optimisation: Australia-New Zealand Relations in the 21st-Century|99
3|6.1 A Close Relationship|100
3|6.2 Bilateral Cooperation, Bilateral Approaches|101
3|6.3 New Zealand, Australia and the World|102
3|6.4 Anzac Symbolism|103
3|6.5 A Single Market, Not a Single Economy|105
3|6.6 Business, Scholarly and Social Relationships|108
3|6.7 Disputes|109
3|6.8 Independent Approaches|112
3|6.9 Nuclear Matters|112
3|6.10 The Invasion of Iraq|113
3|6.11 New Zealand and Israel|113
3|6.12 Conclusion|114
3|References|114
2|Chapter 7: New Zealand-US Relations in the Trump Era and Beyond|116
3|7.1 The Evolution of New Zealand: US Relations|116
3|7.2 The Contours of Trump´s Foreign Policy and New Zealand|121
3|7.3 Enduring Links Between New Zealand and the United States|123
3|7.4 Sources of Discord Between New Zealand and the United States During the Trump Era|126
3|7.5 Recommendations for New Zealand´s Policy Toward the Trump Administration|129
3|References|131
2|Chapter 8: A Strategic Partnership: New Zealand-China Relations in the Xi Jinping Era and Beyond|132
3|8.1 Why Does New Zealand Interest China?|133
3|8.2 The Evolution of New Zealand-China Relations|134
3|8.3 A 70s Change in Attitude|135
3|8.4 Mr Muldoon Goes to Beijing|137
3|8.5 Tiananmen Reality Check|138
3|8.6 Breaking with Tradition|139
3|8.7 The Ties that Bind|141
3|8.8 The Impact of the Yang Jian Revelations|143
3|8.9 Change of Government, Change of Direction?|144
3|8.10 Xi Jinping´s Globalisation 2.0|145
3|8.11 China´s Growing South Pacific Interests|146
3|8.12 We Need to Talk About China|147
3|References|149
2|Chapter 9: Neighbours and Cousins: Aotearoa-New Zealand´s Relationship with the Pacific|150
3|9.1 New Zealand´s Longstanding Cultural Connections Within the Pacific|151
3|9.2 New Zealand´s Political and Economic Relations with the PICs|152
3|9.3 Cook Islands|152
3|9.4 Niue|153
3|9.5 Tokelau|154
3|9.6 Sāmoa|154
3|9.7 Fiji|156
3|9.8 Tonga|157
3|9.9 New Caledonia|158
3|9.10 French Polynesia|158
3|9.11 Solomons|159
3|9.12 Vanuatu|159
3|9.13 Papua New Guinea|160
3|9.14 Tuvalu|160
3|9.15 Kiribati|160
3|9.16 New Zealand and the Changing Geopolitics of the Pacific|161
3|9.17 Conclusion|167
3|References|168
2|Chapter 10: Like-Minded States: New Zealand-ASEAN Relations in the Changing Asia-Pacific Strategic Environment|169
3|10.1 Shared Strategic and Security Concerns|171
3|10.2 Economic Links|175
3|10.3 ASEAN Centrality|179
3|10.4 Conclusion|180
3|References|181
2|Chapter 11: Escaping the UK´s Shadow: New Zealand and the European Union|182
3|11.1 New Zealand´s Historic Ties with Europe|183
3|11.2 Economic Ties and Recent Progress Towards Freer Trade|185
3|11.3 Tourism and Migration|187
3|11.4 Diplomatic Cooperation|188
3|11.5 Brexit and New Zealand|191
3|11.6 Conclusion|194
3|References|195
2|Chapter 12: Dealing with a Proactive Japan: Reconsidering Japan´s Regional Role and Its Value for New Zealand´s Foreign Policy|196
3|12.1 Post-War Confidence Building in the Bilateral Relationship|197
3|12.2 Tensions in the Bilateral Relationship|198
3|12.3 Beyond the Bilateral Relationship: Strategic Convergence and Divergence|200
4|12.3.1 Security and Defence Cooperation|203
4|12.3.2 Science and Technology Cooperation|206
4|12.3.3 Bilateral Economic Cooperation|207
4|12.3.4 Multilateral Regional Cooperation and Leadership|208
3|12.4 Conclusion|210
3|References|212
2|Chapter 13: Russia Resurgent: The Implications for New Zealand|215
3|13.1 History of New Zealand-Russia Relations|216
3|13.2 New Zealand-Russia Economic Relations|217
3|13.3 International Diplomacy|221
3|13.4 The Asia-Pacific Context|223
3|13.5 The South Pacific|225
3|13.6 Antarctica|229
3|13.7 Conclusion|230
3|References|231
2|Chapter 14: Looking to the Future: Expanding New Zealand Foreign Relations Beyond Traditional Partnerships|232
3|14.1 New Zealand´s Diversification Story|234
3|14.2 New Zealand´s Engagement in an Era of Regionalisation|235
3|14.3 South Asia: Booming Opportunities|237
3|14.4 Africa: A Small But Expanding New Zealand Footprint|240
3|14.5 The Middle East: A Fraught But Promising Region|243
3|14.6 Latin America: Domestic Troubles But Positive Fundamentals|244
3|14.7 Balancing Resources, Priorities and Upholding the Liberal Order|246
3|14.8 Conclusion|249
3|References|249
1|Part III: New Zealand and Global Governance|251
2|Chapter 15: Climate Change: Antarctic Geopolitics and the Implications for New Zealand Foreign Policy|252
3|15.1 Changing Antarctic Geopolitics|253
3|15.2 New Zealand´s Antarctic Interests|260
3|15.3 Conclusion|268
3|References|269
2|Chapter 16: A Small State in the Global Commons: New Zealand´s Approach to Climate Change|270
3|16.1 Negotiating Climate Change|271
3|16.2 New Zealand in the International Climate Change Negotiations|272
3|16.3 New Zealand´s Climate Change Narratives|278
3|16.4 Aligning Domestic and International Approaches|279
3|16.5 New Zealand´s Response to the Paris Agreement|280
3|16.6 Towards the Future: Continuity and Change|282
3|References|284
2|Chapter 17: New Zealand´s Trade Policy|285
3|17.1 Why Is Trade Policy Important?|286
3|17.2 New Zealand´s Trade Picture: A Summary|286
3|17.3 New Zealand´s Trade Policies: Four Tracks|287
3|17.4 The Nature of FTAs|289
3|17.5 Offsetting Power Asymmetries|290
3|17.6 Eight Phases of Trade Negotiations|291
3|17.7 Snapshots of New Zealand´s Major Negotiations|294
3|17.8 Evidence of New Zealand´s Successesand Shortfalls|297
3|17.9 Recent Trade Policy Initiatives|299
3|17.10 Lessons Learned|300
3|17.11 Conclusion|302
3|References|303
2|Chapter 18: Small States and International Organisations: New Zealand´s Diversifying International Engagement|304
3|18.1 New Zealand´s UN History|305
3|18.2 Recent Engagement: A Small State on the UN Security Council|308
3|18.3 Some Small States Are Smaller Than Others|310
3|18.4 Helen Clark and the UN´s Development|313
3|18.5 New Zealand´s International Organisation Narratives|314
3|18.6 Institutional Diversity in New Zealand´s International Engagement|316
3|18.7 Conclusion|319
3|References|320
2|Chapter 19: New Zealand and Disarmament: Where National and Global Interests Converge|322
3|19.1 Policy Independence and Consistency|322
3|19.2 The Benefits of Principled, Consistent Policies|332
3|19.3 Ongoing and Emerging Challenges|334
3|19.4 Conclusion|337
3|References|338
1|Part IV: Exploring All Our Options|340
2|Chapter 20: Meeting New Zealand´s Peace and Security Challenges Through Disarmament and Nonviolence|341
3|20.1 The New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF): An Overview|342
3|20.2 Is the Military Required for Aotearoa New Zealand´s Security?|343
3|20.3 The Need for Offensive Military Capabilities|344
3|20.4 The Need for National Defence|346
3|20.5 The Need for Peacekeeping Forces|349
3|20.6 Alternatives to Military Spending|352
3|20.7 Small States Without Armed Forces|353
3|20.8 Conclusion|355
3|References|356
2|Chapter 21: Principled Small Nation or Stalwart Ally? New Zealand´s Independent Foreign Policy|358
3|21.1 An Independent Foreign Policy|359
3|21.2 The Anglo-American Alliance|361
3|21.3 A Long-Term Clash in Outlook|366
3|21.4 Alliance Pros and Cons|369
3|21.5 Steps Towards an Independent Foreign Policy|371
3|References|372
2|Chapter 22: Small States and the Changing Global Order: What Small State Theory Can Offer New Zealand Foreign Policymaking|373
3|22.1 Small State Theory: How Can Small States Survive and Prosper?|374
3|22.2 The Theory of Shelter: The Cost-Benefit Balance of Alliance Formation|378
3|22.3 Multilateralism Versus Bilateralism Shelter Arrangements: The Case of Iceland|381
3|22.4 Conclusion|386
3|References|388
1|Contents|8
1|Contributors|11
1|Chapter 1: Small Can Be Huge: New Zealand Foreign Policy in an Era of Global Uncertainty|13
2|References|21
1|Part I: New Zealand Foreign Policy Institutions and Process|23
2|Chapter 2: The Urgent Versus the Important: How Foreign and Security Policy Is Negotiated in New Zealand|24
3|2.1 Who Runs New Zealand Foreign Policy?|27
3|2.2 The Drive for a Strategic Discussion|34
3|2.3 The Use of Intelligence to Understand a Complex World|38
3|2.4 Engaging the Public|43
3|2.5 Future Challenges|45
3|References|46
2|Chapter 3: The New Zealand Defence Force Role in New Zealand Foreign Policy|49
3|3.1 New Zealand´s Defence Policy|50
3|3.2 Defence Deployments and Foreign Policy Objectives|53
3|3.3 Looking Ahead|60
3|3.4 Conclusions|62
3|References|63
2|Chapter 4: Aid and Foreign Policy: New Zealand Development Assistance in the Pacific|64
3|4.1 Aid in the Pacific|65
3|4.2 The Contested Pacific Aid Regime|67
3|4.3 A Broad Vision for New Zealand Aid|69
3|4.4 Global Comparison of New Zealand Aid|70
3|4.5 New Zealand Aid Disbursement to the Pacific|73
3|4.6 Administering Aid|76
3|4.7 Types of Aid Disbursement in the Pacific|77
3|4.8 Bilateral ODA|77
3|4.9 Multilateral ODA|78
3|4.10 The Benefits of Aid to NZ|78
3|4.11 Concluding Comments|80
3|References|81
2|Chapter 5: Small States in a New Era of Public Diplomacy: New Zealand and Digital Diplomacy|83
3|5.1 Digital Diplomacy as a New Tool of Diplomatic Practice|84
3|5.2 Digital Diplomacy and New Zealand: Formulation and Projection|87
3|5.3 Crafting Narratives: Alignment and Intra-New Zealand Institutional Cooperation|88
3|5.4 MFAT´s Digital Tools|91
3|5.5 Multiplier Effect Tools|91
3|5.6 Intergovernmental Cooperation|92
3|5.7 Cooperation Between Intra-Government Bodies|93
3|5.8 Social Media Personalities|93
3|5.9 Addressing Challenges: Dealing with Reception|95
3|5.10 Conclusions|95
3|References|97
1|Part II: New Zealand´s Bedrock Bilateral Relationships|98
2|Chapter 6: Pragmatic Optimisation: Australia-New Zealand Relations in the 21st-Century|99
3|6.1 A Close Relationship|100
3|6.2 Bilateral Cooperation, Bilateral Approaches|101
3|6.3 New Zealand, Australia and the World|102
3|6.4 Anzac Symbolism|103
3|6.5 A Single Market, Not a Single Economy|105
3|6.6 Business, Scholarly and Social Relationships|108
3|6.7 Disputes|109
3|6.8 Independent Approaches|112
3|6.9 Nuclear Matters|112
3|6.10 The Invasion of Iraq|113
3|6.11 New Zealand and Israel|113
3|6.12 Conclusion|114
3|References|114
2|Chapter 7: New Zealand-US Relations in the Trump Era and Beyond|116
3|7.1 The Evolution of New Zealand: US Relations|116
3|7.2 The Contours of Trump´s Foreign Policy and New Zealand|121
3|7.3 Enduring Links Between New Zealand and the United States|123
3|7.4 Sources of Discord Between New Zealand and the United States During the Trump Era|126
3|7.5 Recommendations for New Zealand´s Policy Toward the Trump Administration|129
3|References|131
2|Chapter 8: A Strategic Partnership: New Zealand-China Relations in the Xi Jinping Era and Beyond|132
3|8.1 Why Does New Zealand Interest China?|133
3|8.2 The Evolution of New Zealand-China Relations|134
3|8.3 A 70s Change in Attitude|135
3|8.4 Mr Muldoon Goes to Beijing|137
3|8.5 Tiananmen Reality Check|138
3|8.6 Breaking with Tradition|139
3|8.7 The Ties that Bind|141
3|8.8 The Impact of the Yang Jian Revelations|143
3|8.9 Change of Government, Change of Direction?|144
3|8.10 Xi Jinping´s Globalisation 2.0|145
3|8.11 China´s Growing South Pacific Interests|146
3|8.12 We Need to Talk About China|147
3|References|149
2|Chapter 9: Neighbours and Cousins: Aotearoa-New Zealand´s Relationship with the Pacific|150
3|9.1 New Zealand´s Longstanding Cultural Connections Within the Pacific|151
3|9.2 New Zealand´s Political and Economic Relations with the PICs|152
3|9.3 Cook Islands|152
3|9.4 Niue|153
3|9.5 Tokelau|154
3|9.6 Sāmoa|154
3|9.7 Fiji|156
3|9.8 Tonga|157
3|9.9 New Caledonia|158
3|9.10 French Polynesia|158
3|9.11 Solomons|159
3|9.12 Vanuatu|159
3|9.13 Papua New Guinea|160
3|9.14 Tuvalu|160
3|9.15 Kiribati|160
3|9.16 New Zealand and the Changing Geopolitics of the Pacific|161
3|9.17 Conclusion|167
3|References|168
2|Chapter 10: Like-Minded States: New Zealand-ASEAN Relations in the Changing Asia-Pacific Strategic Environment|169
3|10.1 Shared Strategic and Security Concerns|171
3|10.2 Economic Links|175
3|10.3 ASEAN Centrality|179
3|10.4 Conclusion|180
3|References|181
2|Chapter 11: Escaping the UK´s Shadow: New Zealand and the European Union|182
3|11.1 New Zealand´s Historic Ties with Europe|183
3|11.2 Economic Ties and Recent Progress Towards Freer Trade|185
3|11.3 Tourism and Migration|187
3|11.4 Diplomatic Cooperation|188
3|11.5 Brexit and New Zealand|191
3|11.6 Conclusion|194
3|References|195
2|Chapter 12: Dealing with a Proactive Japan: Reconsidering Japan´s Regional Role and Its Value for New Zealand´s Foreign Policy|196
3|12.1 Post-War Confidence Building in the Bilateral Relationship|197
3|12.2 Tensions in the Bilateral Relationship|198
3|12.3 Beyond the Bilateral Relationship: Strategic Convergence and Divergence|200
4|12.3.1 Security and Defence Cooperation|203
4|12.3.2 Science and Technology Cooperation|206
4|12.3.3 Bilateral Economic Cooperation|207
4|12.3.4 Multilateral Regional Cooperation and Leadership|208
3|12.4 Conclusion|210
3|References|212
2|Chapter 13: Russia Resurgent: The Implications for New Zealand|215
3|13.1 History of New Zealand-Russia Relations|216
3|13.2 New Zealand-Russia Economic Relations|217
3|13.3 International Diplomacy|221
3|13.4 The Asia-Pacific Context|223
3|13.5 The South Pacific|225
3|13.6 Antarctica|229
3|13.7 Conclusion|230
3|References|231
2|Chapter 14: Looking to the Future: Expanding New Zealand Foreign Relations Beyond Traditional Partnerships|232
3|14.1 New Zealand´s Diversification Story|234
3|14.2 New Zealand´s Engagement in an Era of Regionalisation|235
3|14.3 South Asia: Booming Opportunities|237
3|14.4 Africa: A Small But Expanding New Zealand Footprint|240
3|14.5 The Middle East: A Fraught But Promising Region|243
3|14.6 Latin America: Domestic Troubles But Positive Fundamentals|244
3|14.7 Balancing Resources, Priorities and Upholding the Liberal Order|246
3|14.8 Conclusion|249
3|References|249
1|Part III: New Zealand and Global Governance|251
2|Chapter 15: Climate Change: Antarctic Geopolitics and the Implications for New Zealand Foreign Policy|252
3|15.1 Changing Antarctic Geopolitics|253
3|15.2 New Zealand´s Antarctic Interests|260
3|15.3 Conclusion|268
3|References|269
2|Chapter 16: A Small State in the Global Commons: New Zealand´s Approach to Climate Change|270
3|16.1 Negotiating Climate Change|271
3|16.2 New Zealand in the International Climate Change Negotiations|272
3|16.3 New Zealand´s Climate Change Narratives|278
3|16.4 Aligning Domestic and International Approaches|279
3|16.5 New Zealand´s Response to the Paris Agreement|280
3|16.6 Towards the Future: Continuity and Change|282
3|References|284
2|Chapter 17: New Zealand´s Trade Policy|285
3|17.1 Why Is Trade Policy Important?|286
3|17.2 New Zealand´s Trade Picture: A Summary|286
3|17.3 New Zealand´s Trade Policies: Four Tracks|287
3|17.4 The Nature of FTAs|289
3|17.5 Offsetting Power Asymmetries|290
3|17.6 Eight Phases of Trade Negotiations|291
3|17.7 Snapshots of New Zealand´s Major Negotiations|294
3|17.8 Evidence of New Zealand´s Successesand Shortfalls|297
3|17.9 Recent Trade Policy Initiatives|299
3|17.10 Lessons Learned|300
3|17.11 Conclusion|302
3|References|303
2|Chapter 18: Small States and International Organisations: New Zealand´s Diversifying International Engagement|304
3|18.1 New Zealand´s UN History|305
3|18.2 Recent Engagement: A Small State on the UN Security Council|308
3|18.3 Some Small States Are Smaller Than Others|310
3|18.4 Helen Clark and the UN´s Development|313
3|18.5 New Zealand´s International Organisation Narratives|314
3|18.6 Institutional Diversity in New Zealand´s International Engagement|316
3|18.7 Conclusion|319
3|References|320
2|Chapter 19: New Zealand and Disarmament: Where National and Global Interests Converge|322
3|19.1 Policy Independence and Consistency|322
3|19.2 The Benefits of Principled, Consistent Policies|332
3|19.3 Ongoing and Emerging Challenges|334
3|19.4 Conclusion|337
3|References|338
1|Part IV: Exploring All Our Options|340
2|Chapter 20: Meeting New Zealand´s Peace and Security Challenges Through Disarmament and Nonviolence|341
3|20.1 The New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF): An Overview|342
3|20.2 Is the Military Required for Aotearoa New Zealand´s Security?|343
3|20.3 The Need for Offensive Military Capabilities|344
3|20.4 The Need for National Defence|346
3|20.5 The Need for Peacekeeping Forces|349
3|20.6 Alternatives to Military Spending|352
3|20.7 Small States Without Armed Forces|353
3|20.8 Conclusion|355
3|References|356
2|Chapter 21: Principled Small Nation or Stalwart Ally? New Zealand´s Independent Foreign Policy|358
3|21.1 An Independent Foreign Policy|359
3|21.2 The Anglo-American Alliance|361
3|21.3 A Long-Term Clash in Outlook|366
3|21.4 Alliance Pros and Cons|369
3|21.5 Steps Towards an Independent Foreign Policy|371
3|References|372
2|Chapter 22: Small States and the Changing Global Order: What Small State Theory Can Offer New Zealand Foreign Policymaking|373
3|22.1 Small State Theory: How Can Small States Survive and Prosper?|374
3|22.2 The Theory of Shelter: The Cost-Benefit Balance of Alliance Formation|378
3|22.3 Multilateralism Versus Bilateralism Shelter Arrangements: The Case of Iceland|381
3|22.4 Conclusion|386
3|References|388