File #2835: "2020_Book_InnovationsInCommunity-BasedCr.pdf"
Testo
1|Contents|5
1|Contributors|7
1|Chapter 1: In Support of Innovative Partnerships for Crime Prevention: The Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation Program|9
2|Introduction|9
2|The BCJI Program|10
2|The BCJI Theory of Action|12
3|Community Empowerment|12
3|A Focus on Place: From Social Disorganization to Crime Hot Spots|13
3|Social Capital and Collective Efficacy|14
3|Community Trust in the Police|14
3|Disorder Abatement|15
3|A Focus on Youth Engagement Programming|16
3|Governance Toward Problem-Solving: The Comprehensive Community Model|16
3|The Use of Data in Making Informed Policy Choices|17
2|Case Studies|18
2|Case Chapter Summaries|20
2|References|27
1|Chapter 2: Community-Based Empowerment, Collective Efficacy, and Collaborative Data-Sharing: Key Elements for Crime Reduction Planning in Baltimore|31
2|Introduction|31
2|Background on the Baltimore BCJI Neighborhood|32
2|Comprehensive Community Planning Process|34
3|Learning by Trial and Error: Jericho Reentry and Digit All Systems|36
3|Key Takeaways|38
2|Assessing Collective Efficacy|39
3|Survey Results|39
4|Demographics|39
4|Neighborhood Participation|40
4|Neighborhood Trust (Social Cohesion)|40
4|Community Involvement (Social Capital)|41
4|Willingness to Intervene (Social Control)|42
4|Changing Attitudes Over Time|42
3|Key Takeaways|43
2|Data Sharing and Community-Based Technical Assistance|44
3|Neighborhood Data|44
3|Analysis of Crime Hot Spots|44
3|Chronic Hot Spot Profiles|46
4|Commercial Business-Adjacent Hot Spots|46
4|Vacant Property-Adjacent Hot Spots|47
4|Public Places of Opportunity and Other Hot Spots|47
3|Asset Mapping|48
3|Key Takeaways|48
2|Conclusions|49
2|References|50
1|Chapter 3: A Community-Based Response to the Opioid-Epidemic-Linked Crime in Dayton, Ohio|52
2|Introduction|52
2|Program Setting: East Dayton’s Neighborhood Revitalization Zone|53
2|The BCJI Partnership in Dayton|54
3|The EECS|54
3|DPD|55
3|The Research Partner|55
2|The Preliminary Analysis of Data|56
2|Crime Data|56
2|Juvenile Crime Data|57
2|Dispatch Call Data and Mapping|57
2|Overdose Deaths Data|59
2|Connecting the Opioid Addiction Crisis to Criminal Activity|60
2|Link of Drug-Related Crime Data and Poison Deaths to Prior Substance Abuse Claims|61
2|Lessons Learned from the Initial Analysis|61
2|Applying Lessons from the Literature to Program Goals|62
2|Learning from the Practitioners|63
2|The Conversations for Change Framework|64
2|Program Implementation Challenges and Adaptations|65
3|Recruitment Issues|65
3|Communication Issues Among Partners|65
3|Systems Learning Linked to the Conversations for Change|66
2|Outcome Evaluation of the Conversations for Change Intervention|68
3|Quantitative Aspects|68
2|Conclusions|70
2|References|71
1|Chapter 4: Improving Community Governance to Reduce Crime: The Case of the Philadelphia’s Mantua BCJI Program|72
2|Introduction|72
2|Mantua and the Problem of Weak Public Safety Governance|75
2|Building Local Governance Capacity: Choice, BCJI, and the Promise Zone|76
3|Choice|76
2|BCJI|79
2|Promise Zone|81
2|Enhancing Governance Capacity: Mantua’s Civic Association and Block Leadership Program|82
2|Block Leadership Program|83
2|Focus Group Results of Block Leaders|84
2|Assessment of Block Leadership Program on Observed Community Disorder|86
2|Neighborhood Crime Impacts|88
3|Analysis of Officially Reported Crime (2012–2016)|88
2|Crime Clustering: Average Nearest Neighbor (ANN) Analysis|89
2|Hot Spot Crime Incidents 2012–2015|90
2|Mantua Trends vs 16th Policing District and Citywide Trend|91
2|Conclusion|93
2|References|95
1|Chapter 5: Building a “Beautiful Safe Place for Youth”: The Story of an Effective Community-Research-Practice Partnership in Rainier Beach, Seattle|97
2|Translational Criminology: The Challenge of Bringing Research into Practice|97
3|Barriers to Evidence-Based Policy and Practice|98
3|Components of Successful Translation|100
4|Compelling Research|101
4|Motivated Practitioners|103
4|Supportive Context|104
2|BCJI in Seattle: Forming an Effective Partnership|107
3|Rainier Beach: A Beautiful Safe Place for Youth|108
3|Elements of the Partnership: Research, Practice, and Context|111
2|Conclusion: Lessons from ABSPY for Sustaining Research–Practice Partnerships|116
2|References|119
1|Chapter 6: Cleveland, Ohio: A Community Law Enforcement Partnership for Sustainable Neighborhood Change|127
2|The Mt. Pleasant Target Area|128
3|Building Upon Existing Effective Strategies|129
3|Infrastructure to Support Implementation|133
3|Strategies That Were Implemented in Our Target Neighborhood|135
2|Bike Patrols|136
2|Community Street and Block Clubs in Mt. Pleasant|137
2|Neighborhood Advisory Council and Pilot Grants|138
3|Evidence of Impact|139
3|Challenges to Implementation and Evaluation|140
3|Looking Forward|142
2|References|144
1|Chapter 7: Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation Grant Program in Providence, Rhode Island|145
2|Project Background|145
3|Project Target Area|145
2|BCJI in Providence|147
3|Providence’s CaPA Intervention|148
2|Outcomes|149
3|Crime Trends|149
2|Crime Trends Part 2: Pre-Post Intervention (CaPA/BCJI) Crime Changes|151
3|Community Survey Data|153
3|Methodology|153
3|Results|154
2|Key Stakeholder Interviews|162
3|Prior Experience with BCJI-Type Initiatives|162
3|Most Significant Impacts of BCJI Funding|163
3|Most Significant Challenges of the BCJI Project|164
2|Conclusions|164
2|References|167
1|Chapter 8: “Harmony in the Hills”: Peaks and Valleys in the Berea, KY, Rural BCJI Program|169
2|Introduction|169
2|Program Theory and Rationale|170
2|BCJI Methodology|172
3|Study Setting|172
4|The Target Counties|174
3|Data Sources|176
4|Community Engagement and Qualitative Research|176
4|Police Incident Data and Hot Spot Identification|178
3|Findings from the Planning Phase|179
4|Youth Crime in Bell County|179
4|Youth Crime in Clay County|183
4|Youth Crime in Harlan County|184
2|Developing the BCJI Interventions|185
3|Community Planning and Leadership: The First Step|185
3|Phase I: Capacity-Building|187
3|Phase II: Increasing Supervision and Structure|188
3|Phase III: Positive Youth Development|188
3|Phase IV: Environmental Revitalization|189
3|Implementation|189
2|Conclusion: Missed Opportunities, Next Steps, and Lasting Change|191
2|References|194
1|Chapter 9: Unfamiliar Waters: Expectations Versus Reality for a Newly Minted Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation Grant Research Partner in the City of St. Louis|200
2|Site Description|202
2|Overview of Planning Stage|203
2|Proposed Strategies|206
3|Place-Based Strategies|206
3|People Strategies|207
2|Role of the Researcher: Initial Expectations|207
2|The Reality|208
3|Planning|208
2|Implementation|211
3|Carpenters Apprenticeship|211
3|Community Mural|213
3|Strengthening Community-Police Relationships: The Plan-Do-Study-Act Cycle Falters|214
2|Discussion|216
3|Key Assets|217
3|Lessons Learned|217
3|Moving Forward|219
2|Conclusion|220
2|References|221
1|Chapter 10: Applying the ACTION Framework to BCJI in Tucson, Arizona|223
2|Introduction|223
2|Sociodemographic Community Profile|225
2|ACTION Framework|226
2|Our Experiences Applying the ACTION Framework with Tucson BCJI|228
2|References|233
1|Chapter 11: National Support for Collaborative Approaches to Neighborhood Safety: Developing a Technical Assistance Approach for the Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation Program|234
2|Introduction|234
2|The Federal Evolution Toward BCJI|235
2|The Local Initiatives Support Corporation (LISC): A Background|238
2|The Challenges of Delivering Comprehensive Technical Assistance|239
2|Challenges to TTA|241
2|Pillar 1: Data Driven|242
2|Pillar 2: The Cross-Sector Partnership Model|245
2|Pillar 3: Community Engagement|246
2|Pillar 4: Program Sustainability|249
2|Conclusion and Lessons Learned|250
2|References|252
1|Index|253
1|Contributors|7
1|Chapter 1: In Support of Innovative Partnerships for Crime Prevention: The Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation Program|9
2|Introduction|9
2|The BCJI Program|10
2|The BCJI Theory of Action|12
3|Community Empowerment|12
3|A Focus on Place: From Social Disorganization to Crime Hot Spots|13
3|Social Capital and Collective Efficacy|14
3|Community Trust in the Police|14
3|Disorder Abatement|15
3|A Focus on Youth Engagement Programming|16
3|Governance Toward Problem-Solving: The Comprehensive Community Model|16
3|The Use of Data in Making Informed Policy Choices|17
2|Case Studies|18
2|Case Chapter Summaries|20
2|References|27
1|Chapter 2: Community-Based Empowerment, Collective Efficacy, and Collaborative Data-Sharing: Key Elements for Crime Reduction Planning in Baltimore|31
2|Introduction|31
2|Background on the Baltimore BCJI Neighborhood|32
2|Comprehensive Community Planning Process|34
3|Learning by Trial and Error: Jericho Reentry and Digit All Systems|36
3|Key Takeaways|38
2|Assessing Collective Efficacy|39
3|Survey Results|39
4|Demographics|39
4|Neighborhood Participation|40
4|Neighborhood Trust (Social Cohesion)|40
4|Community Involvement (Social Capital)|41
4|Willingness to Intervene (Social Control)|42
4|Changing Attitudes Over Time|42
3|Key Takeaways|43
2|Data Sharing and Community-Based Technical Assistance|44
3|Neighborhood Data|44
3|Analysis of Crime Hot Spots|44
3|Chronic Hot Spot Profiles|46
4|Commercial Business-Adjacent Hot Spots|46
4|Vacant Property-Adjacent Hot Spots|47
4|Public Places of Opportunity and Other Hot Spots|47
3|Asset Mapping|48
3|Key Takeaways|48
2|Conclusions|49
2|References|50
1|Chapter 3: A Community-Based Response to the Opioid-Epidemic-Linked Crime in Dayton, Ohio|52
2|Introduction|52
2|Program Setting: East Dayton’s Neighborhood Revitalization Zone|53
2|The BCJI Partnership in Dayton|54
3|The EECS|54
3|DPD|55
3|The Research Partner|55
2|The Preliminary Analysis of Data|56
2|Crime Data|56
2|Juvenile Crime Data|57
2|Dispatch Call Data and Mapping|57
2|Overdose Deaths Data|59
2|Connecting the Opioid Addiction Crisis to Criminal Activity|60
2|Link of Drug-Related Crime Data and Poison Deaths to Prior Substance Abuse Claims|61
2|Lessons Learned from the Initial Analysis|61
2|Applying Lessons from the Literature to Program Goals|62
2|Learning from the Practitioners|63
2|The Conversations for Change Framework|64
2|Program Implementation Challenges and Adaptations|65
3|Recruitment Issues|65
3|Communication Issues Among Partners|65
3|Systems Learning Linked to the Conversations for Change|66
2|Outcome Evaluation of the Conversations for Change Intervention|68
3|Quantitative Aspects|68
2|Conclusions|70
2|References|71
1|Chapter 4: Improving Community Governance to Reduce Crime: The Case of the Philadelphia’s Mantua BCJI Program|72
2|Introduction|72
2|Mantua and the Problem of Weak Public Safety Governance|75
2|Building Local Governance Capacity: Choice, BCJI, and the Promise Zone|76
3|Choice|76
2|BCJI|79
2|Promise Zone|81
2|Enhancing Governance Capacity: Mantua’s Civic Association and Block Leadership Program|82
2|Block Leadership Program|83
2|Focus Group Results of Block Leaders|84
2|Assessment of Block Leadership Program on Observed Community Disorder|86
2|Neighborhood Crime Impacts|88
3|Analysis of Officially Reported Crime (2012–2016)|88
2|Crime Clustering: Average Nearest Neighbor (ANN) Analysis|89
2|Hot Spot Crime Incidents 2012–2015|90
2|Mantua Trends vs 16th Policing District and Citywide Trend|91
2|Conclusion|93
2|References|95
1|Chapter 5: Building a “Beautiful Safe Place for Youth”: The Story of an Effective Community-Research-Practice Partnership in Rainier Beach, Seattle|97
2|Translational Criminology: The Challenge of Bringing Research into Practice|97
3|Barriers to Evidence-Based Policy and Practice|98
3|Components of Successful Translation|100
4|Compelling Research|101
4|Motivated Practitioners|103
4|Supportive Context|104
2|BCJI in Seattle: Forming an Effective Partnership|107
3|Rainier Beach: A Beautiful Safe Place for Youth|108
3|Elements of the Partnership: Research, Practice, and Context|111
2|Conclusion: Lessons from ABSPY for Sustaining Research–Practice Partnerships|116
2|References|119
1|Chapter 6: Cleveland, Ohio: A Community Law Enforcement Partnership for Sustainable Neighborhood Change|127
2|The Mt. Pleasant Target Area|128
3|Building Upon Existing Effective Strategies|129
3|Infrastructure to Support Implementation|133
3|Strategies That Were Implemented in Our Target Neighborhood|135
2|Bike Patrols|136
2|Community Street and Block Clubs in Mt. Pleasant|137
2|Neighborhood Advisory Council and Pilot Grants|138
3|Evidence of Impact|139
3|Challenges to Implementation and Evaluation|140
3|Looking Forward|142
2|References|144
1|Chapter 7: Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation Grant Program in Providence, Rhode Island|145
2|Project Background|145
3|Project Target Area|145
2|BCJI in Providence|147
3|Providence’s CaPA Intervention|148
2|Outcomes|149
3|Crime Trends|149
2|Crime Trends Part 2: Pre-Post Intervention (CaPA/BCJI) Crime Changes|151
3|Community Survey Data|153
3|Methodology|153
3|Results|154
2|Key Stakeholder Interviews|162
3|Prior Experience with BCJI-Type Initiatives|162
3|Most Significant Impacts of BCJI Funding|163
3|Most Significant Challenges of the BCJI Project|164
2|Conclusions|164
2|References|167
1|Chapter 8: “Harmony in the Hills”: Peaks and Valleys in the Berea, KY, Rural BCJI Program|169
2|Introduction|169
2|Program Theory and Rationale|170
2|BCJI Methodology|172
3|Study Setting|172
4|The Target Counties|174
3|Data Sources|176
4|Community Engagement and Qualitative Research|176
4|Police Incident Data and Hot Spot Identification|178
3|Findings from the Planning Phase|179
4|Youth Crime in Bell County|179
4|Youth Crime in Clay County|183
4|Youth Crime in Harlan County|184
2|Developing the BCJI Interventions|185
3|Community Planning and Leadership: The First Step|185
3|Phase I: Capacity-Building|187
3|Phase II: Increasing Supervision and Structure|188
3|Phase III: Positive Youth Development|188
3|Phase IV: Environmental Revitalization|189
3|Implementation|189
2|Conclusion: Missed Opportunities, Next Steps, and Lasting Change|191
2|References|194
1|Chapter 9: Unfamiliar Waters: Expectations Versus Reality for a Newly Minted Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation Grant Research Partner in the City of St. Louis|200
2|Site Description|202
2|Overview of Planning Stage|203
2|Proposed Strategies|206
3|Place-Based Strategies|206
3|People Strategies|207
2|Role of the Researcher: Initial Expectations|207
2|The Reality|208
3|Planning|208
2|Implementation|211
3|Carpenters Apprenticeship|211
3|Community Mural|213
3|Strengthening Community-Police Relationships: The Plan-Do-Study-Act Cycle Falters|214
2|Discussion|216
3|Key Assets|217
3|Lessons Learned|217
3|Moving Forward|219
2|Conclusion|220
2|References|221
1|Chapter 10: Applying the ACTION Framework to BCJI in Tucson, Arizona|223
2|Introduction|223
2|Sociodemographic Community Profile|225
2|ACTION Framework|226
2|Our Experiences Applying the ACTION Framework with Tucson BCJI|228
2|References|233
1|Chapter 11: National Support for Collaborative Approaches to Neighborhood Safety: Developing a Technical Assistance Approach for the Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation Program|234
2|Introduction|234
2|The Federal Evolution Toward BCJI|235
2|The Local Initiatives Support Corporation (LISC): A Background|238
2|The Challenges of Delivering Comprehensive Technical Assistance|239
2|Challenges to TTA|241
2|Pillar 1: Data Driven|242
2|Pillar 2: The Cross-Sector Partnership Model|245
2|Pillar 3: Community Engagement|246
2|Pillar 4: Program Sustainability|249
2|Conclusion and Lessons Learned|250
2|References|252
1|Index|253