File #2309: "2018_Book_BigDataInContext.pdf"
Text
1|Preface|6
1|Acknowledgements|8
1|Contents|9
1|Editors and Contributors|10
1|1 Big Data and Data Quality|12
2|Abstract|12
2|1 Introduction|12
2|2 Background to Data Quality|14
3|2.1 Origin Country: The USA|14
3|2.2 The OECD Guidelines 1980|15
3|2.3 Art. 6 of the EU Data Protection Directive and its Impact in Canada|16
2|3 Data Quality in the GDPR|18
3|3.1 Remarkably: Art. 5 as Basis for Fines|18
3|3.2 Relation to the Rights of the Data Subject|19
3|3.3 Data Quality and Lawfulness of Processing|20
3|3.4 Art. 5—An Abstract Strict Liability Tort?|20
2|4 Conclusions|21
2|References|22
1|2 The Importance of Big Data for Jurisprudence and Legal Practice|24
2|Abstract|24
2|1 Introduction|24
2|2 Selected Issues (and the Attempt to a Solution)|25
3|2.1 The Legal Institution “Declaration of Intent”|25
3|2.2 Challenges Regarding Liability|28
2|3 Conclusion|29
2|References|29
1|3 About Forgetting and Being Forgotten|31
2|Abstract|31
2|1 Introduction|31
2|2 The Current Legal Situation in Germany|32
2|3 Standards of the ECJ|32
2|4 The General Data Protection Regulation|33
2|5 The Complex Tangle of Interests|34
2|6 Enforcement of the Claim|35
2|7 Conclusion|36
2|References|36
1|4 Brussels Calling: Big Data and Privacy|38
2|Abstract|38
2|1 Data Protection on the EU-Level|38
2|2 Genesis of the General Data Protection Regulation|39
2|3 General Criticism of the General Data Protection Regulation|40
2|4 Possible Consequences for Big Data|41
2|5 Conclusion and Outlook|42
2|References|43
1|5 Safe Harbor: The Decision of the European Court of Justice|45
2|Abstract|45
2|1 Unrestricted Data Collection|45
2|2 The Safe-Harbor Agreement of the European Union|46
2|3 The Decision of the European Court of Justice|47
2|4 Consequences of the Decision|48
2|5 Practical Implementation|49
3|5.1 Consent|49
3|5.2 Data Protection Safeguards|49
3|5.3 Binding Corporate Rules|50
2|6 State of Debate|50
2|7 Outlook|51
2|References|52
1|6 Education 2.0: Learning Analytics, Educational Data Mining and Co.|54
2|Abstract|54
2|1 Digitization in Educational Institutions|54
2|2 The Future of Education—Predictions and Benchmarking|55
2|3 Educational Data Mining and Learning Analytics|56
2|4 Stakeholder|57
2|5 Data Sources and Data Protection|57
2|6 Summary and Challenges|58
2|References|59
1|7 Big Data and Automotive—A Legal Approach|61
2|Abstract|61
2|1 Occasion and Questions|61
2|2 What Kind of Data Does Modern IT Collect?|62
2|3 An Overview of Data Protection Classification|63
2|4 What Parties Are Interested—Who Wants a Slice of Data Cake?|63
2|5 To Whom Does the Data “Belong?”|64
2|6 Are Driverless Cars Science Fiction? By No Means!|64
2|7 Solutions—“Privacy by Design”|65
2|8 Opportunities and Risks|66
2|References|66
1|8 Big Data and Scoring in the Financial Sector|68
2|Abstract|68
2|1 Introduction|68
2|2 Scoring Procedure|69
2|3 Scoring in the Big Data Era|70
2|4 Risks and Chances|71
2|5 Legal Situation|72
2|6 Prospect|74
2|References|75
1|9 Like or Dislike—Web Tracking|77
2|Abstract|77
2|1 Web Tracking—A Definition|77
2|2 What Types of Web Tracking Technologies Exist?|78
2|3 How to Avoid Being Tracked|80
2|4 The Example of Facebook|80
2|5 Summary and Outlook|82
2|References|82
1|10 Step into “The Circle”—A Close Look at Wearables and Quantified Self|85
2|Abstract|85
2|1 Introduction|85
2|2 What Are Wearables?|86
2|3 Facts and Figures|87
2|4 Kinds of Data Generated|87
3|4.1 Usage Data|88
3|4.2 Metadata|88
2|5 What Is the Data Used for?|88
2|6 Legal and Social Implications|89
3|6.1 Data Protection|90
3|6.2 Liability|91
3|6.3 IT Security|92
3|6.4 Data Quality, Portability and Property|92
2|7 Conclusion|93
2|References|93
1|11 Big Data and Smart Grid|96
2|Abstract|96
2|1 The Energy Grid of the Future|96
2|2 Smart Grid—The Basic Principles|97
3|2.1 Smart Grid—A Definition|99
3|2.2 Which Data Are Required?|99
3|2.3 Smart Meter—The Electricity Meter with an Internet Connection|100
3|2.4 Impeding Ability to Draw Conclusions|101
3|2.5 Smart Market|102
3|2.6 Variable Tariffs and Its Profiteers|102
2|3 Legal Framework|103
3|3.1 Regulation in the USA and Europe—An Overview|103
3|3.2 Legal Implications and Concerned Areas of Law|104
3|3.3 The Smart Meter in the German Household|104
3|3.4 Aspects of Data Protection|105
3|3.5 The Draft Law on the Digitalization of the Energy Revolution|106
3|3.6 General Questions Regarding the Legal Treatment of Data in the Big Data Era|106
2|4 Summary and Outlook|107
2|References|107
1|12 Big Data on a Farm—Smart Farming|111
2|Abstract|111
2|1 World Nutrition Using Big Data?|111
2|2 Smart Farming|112
2|3 Smart Farming Technologies|113
2|4 Social Implications|114
2|5 Legal Implications|116
2|6 Which Areas of Law Are Affected?|117
3|6.1 Data Protection Law|118
3|6.2 Intellectual Property Rights Protection Shown by the Example of Database Manufacturers|118
3|6.3 Overarching Questions for Industry 4.0|119
2|7 Conclusion and Forecast|119
2|References|120
1|Acknowledgements|8
1|Contents|9
1|Editors and Contributors|10
1|1 Big Data and Data Quality|12
2|Abstract|12
2|1 Introduction|12
2|2 Background to Data Quality|14
3|2.1 Origin Country: The USA|14
3|2.2 The OECD Guidelines 1980|15
3|2.3 Art. 6 of the EU Data Protection Directive and its Impact in Canada|16
2|3 Data Quality in the GDPR|18
3|3.1 Remarkably: Art. 5 as Basis for Fines|18
3|3.2 Relation to the Rights of the Data Subject|19
3|3.3 Data Quality and Lawfulness of Processing|20
3|3.4 Art. 5—An Abstract Strict Liability Tort?|20
2|4 Conclusions|21
2|References|22
1|2 The Importance of Big Data for Jurisprudence and Legal Practice|24
2|Abstract|24
2|1 Introduction|24
2|2 Selected Issues (and the Attempt to a Solution)|25
3|2.1 The Legal Institution “Declaration of Intent”|25
3|2.2 Challenges Regarding Liability|28
2|3 Conclusion|29
2|References|29
1|3 About Forgetting and Being Forgotten|31
2|Abstract|31
2|1 Introduction|31
2|2 The Current Legal Situation in Germany|32
2|3 Standards of the ECJ|32
2|4 The General Data Protection Regulation|33
2|5 The Complex Tangle of Interests|34
2|6 Enforcement of the Claim|35
2|7 Conclusion|36
2|References|36
1|4 Brussels Calling: Big Data and Privacy|38
2|Abstract|38
2|1 Data Protection on the EU-Level|38
2|2 Genesis of the General Data Protection Regulation|39
2|3 General Criticism of the General Data Protection Regulation|40
2|4 Possible Consequences for Big Data|41
2|5 Conclusion and Outlook|42
2|References|43
1|5 Safe Harbor: The Decision of the European Court of Justice|45
2|Abstract|45
2|1 Unrestricted Data Collection|45
2|2 The Safe-Harbor Agreement of the European Union|46
2|3 The Decision of the European Court of Justice|47
2|4 Consequences of the Decision|48
2|5 Practical Implementation|49
3|5.1 Consent|49
3|5.2 Data Protection Safeguards|49
3|5.3 Binding Corporate Rules|50
2|6 State of Debate|50
2|7 Outlook|51
2|References|52
1|6 Education 2.0: Learning Analytics, Educational Data Mining and Co.|54
2|Abstract|54
2|1 Digitization in Educational Institutions|54
2|2 The Future of Education—Predictions and Benchmarking|55
2|3 Educational Data Mining and Learning Analytics|56
2|4 Stakeholder|57
2|5 Data Sources and Data Protection|57
2|6 Summary and Challenges|58
2|References|59
1|7 Big Data and Automotive—A Legal Approach|61
2|Abstract|61
2|1 Occasion and Questions|61
2|2 What Kind of Data Does Modern IT Collect?|62
2|3 An Overview of Data Protection Classification|63
2|4 What Parties Are Interested—Who Wants a Slice of Data Cake?|63
2|5 To Whom Does the Data “Belong?”|64
2|6 Are Driverless Cars Science Fiction? By No Means!|64
2|7 Solutions—“Privacy by Design”|65
2|8 Opportunities and Risks|66
2|References|66
1|8 Big Data and Scoring in the Financial Sector|68
2|Abstract|68
2|1 Introduction|68
2|2 Scoring Procedure|69
2|3 Scoring in the Big Data Era|70
2|4 Risks and Chances|71
2|5 Legal Situation|72
2|6 Prospect|74
2|References|75
1|9 Like or Dislike—Web Tracking|77
2|Abstract|77
2|1 Web Tracking—A Definition|77
2|2 What Types of Web Tracking Technologies Exist?|78
2|3 How to Avoid Being Tracked|80
2|4 The Example of Facebook|80
2|5 Summary and Outlook|82
2|References|82
1|10 Step into “The Circle”—A Close Look at Wearables and Quantified Self|85
2|Abstract|85
2|1 Introduction|85
2|2 What Are Wearables?|86
2|3 Facts and Figures|87
2|4 Kinds of Data Generated|87
3|4.1 Usage Data|88
3|4.2 Metadata|88
2|5 What Is the Data Used for?|88
2|6 Legal and Social Implications|89
3|6.1 Data Protection|90
3|6.2 Liability|91
3|6.3 IT Security|92
3|6.4 Data Quality, Portability and Property|92
2|7 Conclusion|93
2|References|93
1|11 Big Data and Smart Grid|96
2|Abstract|96
2|1 The Energy Grid of the Future|96
2|2 Smart Grid—The Basic Principles|97
3|2.1 Smart Grid—A Definition|99
3|2.2 Which Data Are Required?|99
3|2.3 Smart Meter—The Electricity Meter with an Internet Connection|100
3|2.4 Impeding Ability to Draw Conclusions|101
3|2.5 Smart Market|102
3|2.6 Variable Tariffs and Its Profiteers|102
2|3 Legal Framework|103
3|3.1 Regulation in the USA and Europe—An Overview|103
3|3.2 Legal Implications and Concerned Areas of Law|104
3|3.3 The Smart Meter in the German Household|104
3|3.4 Aspects of Data Protection|105
3|3.5 The Draft Law on the Digitalization of the Energy Revolution|106
3|3.6 General Questions Regarding the Legal Treatment of Data in the Big Data Era|106
2|4 Summary and Outlook|107
2|References|107
1|12 Big Data on a Farm—Smart Farming|111
2|Abstract|111
2|1 World Nutrition Using Big Data?|111
2|2 Smart Farming|112
2|3 Smart Farming Technologies|113
2|4 Social Implications|114
2|5 Legal Implications|116
2|6 Which Areas of Law Are Affected?|117
3|6.1 Data Protection Law|118
3|6.2 Intellectual Property Rights Protection Shown by the Example of Database Manufacturers|118
3|6.3 Overarching Questions for Industry 4.0|119
2|7 Conclusion and Forecast|119
2|References|120