File #2335: "2018_Book_ConceptualizingCopyrightExcept.pdf"
Text
1|Contents|6
1|List of Abbreviations|10
1|Chapter 1: Challenges from Globalisation|15
2|1.1 Globalisation and the Digital Divide|15
2|1.2 Integration of Copyright Law|18
2|1.3 Copyright System Under Digital Challenges|20
2|1.4 General Themes and Issues of the Book|23
2|References|25
1|Chapter 2: An Overview of Copyright: A Balance of Interests|27
2|2.1 Why Do We Need Copyright Protection?|27
3|2.1.1 Proprietary Right vs Public Good Nature|27
3|2.1.2 Philosophical Basis of Copyright|30
4|Natural Law|31
4|Expression of Personality|32
4|A Just Reward for Labour and Creativity Stimulus.|33
4|Utilitarian Goal to Social Development|34
4|Social Planning Theory|37
4|Alternatives to Copyright|38
2|2.2 The Evolution of Copyright Law|40
3|2.2.1 Historical Development of Copyright Law|41
4|The United Kingdom|41
4|The United States of America|43
4|Continental Europe|45
3|2.2.2 Copyright Protection Within an International Framework|47
2|2.3 Balance Between Exclusive Copyrights and Access to Knowledge|49
3|2.3.1 The Chameleon-Like Information|49
3|2.3.2 Information and Knowledge|50
2|2.4 Public Interest|51
3|2.4.1 Jurisprudential and Political Perspective|51
3|2.4.2 Legal Perspective|54
2|2.5 Conclusions|55
2|References|56
1|Chapter 3: Copyright Limitations and Exceptions for Education and Research: Unity in Diversity|63
2|3.1 Limitations and Exceptions: National, International and Regional|64
3|3.1.1 Justifications for Limitations and Exceptions|65
3|3.1.2 Limitations and Exceptions at National Level|67
4|The UK: Fair Dealing and Permitted Acts|67
4|The Fair Use Tenet in the US|69
3|3.1.3 The International Arena|73
4|The Berne Convention|73
5|The General Exception|73
5|Exceptions for Education and Research|77
5|Other Limitations|78
4|The TRIPS Agreement|79
4|The WIPO Copyright Treaty|80
4|The Rome Convention and the WPPT|82
4|ACTA and TPP|83
3|3.1.4 The Regional Level|85
3|3.1.5 Summary|87
2|3.2 Open and Closed Systems|87
3|3.2.1 Three-Step Test vs Fair Use Doctrine: How Far Are They from Each Other?|89
3|3.2.2 Three-Step Test and the EU/UK Legislation|92
3|3.2.3 Remarks|93
2|3.3 The Ways to Harmonise Copyright Law|94
3|3.3.1 Harmonisation of Law in the Context of Globalisation|94
3|3.3.2 Australian Copyright Act: A Third Approach|95
2|3.4 Implications for Future Harmonisation on Copyright Exceptions|98
3|3.4.1 Some Harmonisation|98
3|3.4.2 Unity in Diversity|99
2|References|100
1|Chapter 4: The Technological Revolution and Its Impact on Copyright Law|104
2|4.1 The Impacts of Technological Measures and the Anti-Circumvention Law|106
3|4.1.1 Definition of an `Effective Technological Measure´|107
3|4.1.2 Circumstances Under Which Violation of Anti-Circumventing Rules Lead to Liabilities|108
3|4.1.3 Definition of a Circumventing Device|110
3|4.1.4 Circumvention Exceptions|110
3|4.1.5 Conclusions|112
2|4.2 Licences and Contracts in Copyright Transaction|113
3|4.2.1 Uses of Shrink-Wrap and Click-Wrap Licence|113
3|4.2.2 Validity of Shrink-Wrap and Click-Wrap Licences|115
3|4.2.3 Solutions to Deal with a Contract´s Overriding Effects|117
2|4.3 Legal Challenges in the Electronic Dissemination of Information|121
3|4.3.1 Electronic Copying|121
4|Temporary Reproduction|121
4|Private Copying|123
3|4.3.2 The `New´ Right of Communication to the Public|127
3|4.3.3 Public Libraries|130
4|Circulation of Software|130
4|Journal Articles|132
4|Interlibrary Loans|133
3|4.3.4 Distance Educational Institutions|135
3|4.3.5 ISPs´ Liability|137
2|4.4 A New Model for Copyright Transaction|139
3|4.4.1 Examples|139
3|4.4.2 The Implications|141
2|4.5 Conclusion|143
2|References|143
1|Chapter 5: China: Copyright Limitations and Exceptions for Education and Research|149
2|5.1 The History and Development of Copyright Law|149
3|5.1.1 Cultural Background|149
3|5.1.2 A Transplanted Copyright Law|150
2|5.2 Current Situation of Education and Research|152
2|5.3 Copyright Limitations and Exceptions|153
3|5.3.1 The Copyright Law of 1990 and the Amendments of 2001|153
3|5.3.2 Limitations on Copyright: A General Picture|154
3|5.3.3 Private Use|156
3|5.3.4 Limitations for Education and Research|159
4|Reproduction Exemptions for Classroom Teaching and Scientific Research|159
4|Distance Education|161
3|5.3.5 Limitations for Libraries|163
4|Libraries´ Exemptions and a Right to Lend|163
4|Legal Issues and Libraries|164
3|5.3.6 Conclusion|168
2|5.4 Collective Copyright Management|169
3|5.4.1 Background|169
3|5.4.2 Three Collective Administration Models|169
3|5.4.3 CMOs in China|170
3|5.4.4 CMOs´ Monopoly|172
3|5.4.5 CMOs´ Inability to Represent Non-Member Right Holders|174
3|5.4.6 Summary|178
2|5.5 Conclusion|179
2|References|180
1|Chapter 6: China: Copyright Issues in a Digital Environment|184
2|6.1 Copyright in a Digital Environment|184
3|6.1.1 Wang Meng et al v Century-Online Company|185
3|6.1.2 Key Issues|186
4|The Reproduction Right|186
4|The Right of Communication with an Information Network|188
4|ISPs´ Liability|190
3|6.1.3 Conclusion|196
2|6.2 Anti-circumvention Law|196
3|6.2.1 Development of Anti-circumvention Rules|196
3|6.2.2 Key Notions in the Information Network Regulations|197
4|Technological Measures|197
4|Prohibited Activities|198
4|Exemptions|199
4|Conclusion|200
2|6.3 The Law of Contract Governing the Use of Copyrighted Works|202
3|6.3.1 Relevant Laws|202
3|6.3.2 Suggestions for Future Amendments|204
2|6.4 The Copyright Law of 1990 Under Reform|205
2|6.5 Open Licences|207
2|6.6 Conclusions|207
2|References|209
1|Chapter 7: South Africa: Digital Age Copyright Limitations and Exceptions for Education and Research|212
2|7.1 Copyright Law History|213
2|7.2 The Current Situation of Education|214
3|7.2.1 Expensive Educational Materials|214
3|7.2.2 Conclusion|216
2|7.3 South Africa Transformative Constitutionalism|217
3|7.3.1 The Constitution and IPRs|218
3|7.3.2 The Constitution and Other Sectors of Law|219
2|7.4 Copyright Law: Limitations and Exceptions|220
3|7.4.1 Fair Dealing for Teaching, Research and Private Study|220
3|7.4.2 Exceptions for Educational Institutions and Libraries|222
4|The General Exception for Reproduction|222
4|Special Exceptions|223
3|7.4.3 Evaluation|224
2|7.5 The Law of Contract Governing the Use of Copyrighted Works|224
3|7.5.1 Contracts and Public Policy|225
3|7.5.2 The Consumer Protection Act|228
3|7.5.3 The Intersection of Contract Law and the Copyright Act|232
2|7.6 Issues in a Digital Environment|233
3|7.6.1 Anti-circumvention Rules|234
3|7.6.2 The Right to Reproduce Works|235
3|7.6.3 Interactive Transmission|236
3|7.6.4 ISPs´ Liability|237
4|The Common Law|238
4|ECTA|240
2|7.7 Balancing Statutory Exceptions and Licensing Schemes|241
3|7.7.1 The Debates|241
3|7.7.2 Generous Exceptions and Non-voluntary Licensing|242
4|Policy Background|242
4|Economic Analysis|243
3|7.7.3 Voluntary Licensing|245
4|Background|245
4|A Comparison of the Copyright Societies in the UK and South Africa|247
3|7.7.4 Open Licences|249
2|7.8 Conclusion|251
2|References|252
1|Chapter 8: Conclusion|256
2|8.1 The Need to Revisit Copyright Law|256
2|8.2 Comparative Approach|257
2|8.3 Concluding Remarks|258
3|8.3.1 No `One-Template-for-All´|258
3|8.3.2 Formulating Limitations and Exceptions: Combining Certainty and Flexibility|259
3|8.3.3 A Balance Between Protection and Restriction on Copyrights|260
3|8.3.4 Taking the Interests of Stakeholders into Account|262
3|8.3.5 Economics Plays a Part in Policymaking|264
3|8.3.6 Alternatives That Broaden Access to Copyrighted Materials|265
2|References|267
1|List of Abbreviations|10
1|Chapter 1: Challenges from Globalisation|15
2|1.1 Globalisation and the Digital Divide|15
2|1.2 Integration of Copyright Law|18
2|1.3 Copyright System Under Digital Challenges|20
2|1.4 General Themes and Issues of the Book|23
2|References|25
1|Chapter 2: An Overview of Copyright: A Balance of Interests|27
2|2.1 Why Do We Need Copyright Protection?|27
3|2.1.1 Proprietary Right vs Public Good Nature|27
3|2.1.2 Philosophical Basis of Copyright|30
4|Natural Law|31
4|Expression of Personality|32
4|A Just Reward for Labour and Creativity Stimulus.|33
4|Utilitarian Goal to Social Development|34
4|Social Planning Theory|37
4|Alternatives to Copyright|38
2|2.2 The Evolution of Copyright Law|40
3|2.2.1 Historical Development of Copyright Law|41
4|The United Kingdom|41
4|The United States of America|43
4|Continental Europe|45
3|2.2.2 Copyright Protection Within an International Framework|47
2|2.3 Balance Between Exclusive Copyrights and Access to Knowledge|49
3|2.3.1 The Chameleon-Like Information|49
3|2.3.2 Information and Knowledge|50
2|2.4 Public Interest|51
3|2.4.1 Jurisprudential and Political Perspective|51
3|2.4.2 Legal Perspective|54
2|2.5 Conclusions|55
2|References|56
1|Chapter 3: Copyright Limitations and Exceptions for Education and Research: Unity in Diversity|63
2|3.1 Limitations and Exceptions: National, International and Regional|64
3|3.1.1 Justifications for Limitations and Exceptions|65
3|3.1.2 Limitations and Exceptions at National Level|67
4|The UK: Fair Dealing and Permitted Acts|67
4|The Fair Use Tenet in the US|69
3|3.1.3 The International Arena|73
4|The Berne Convention|73
5|The General Exception|73
5|Exceptions for Education and Research|77
5|Other Limitations|78
4|The TRIPS Agreement|79
4|The WIPO Copyright Treaty|80
4|The Rome Convention and the WPPT|82
4|ACTA and TPP|83
3|3.1.4 The Regional Level|85
3|3.1.5 Summary|87
2|3.2 Open and Closed Systems|87
3|3.2.1 Three-Step Test vs Fair Use Doctrine: How Far Are They from Each Other?|89
3|3.2.2 Three-Step Test and the EU/UK Legislation|92
3|3.2.3 Remarks|93
2|3.3 The Ways to Harmonise Copyright Law|94
3|3.3.1 Harmonisation of Law in the Context of Globalisation|94
3|3.3.2 Australian Copyright Act: A Third Approach|95
2|3.4 Implications for Future Harmonisation on Copyright Exceptions|98
3|3.4.1 Some Harmonisation|98
3|3.4.2 Unity in Diversity|99
2|References|100
1|Chapter 4: The Technological Revolution and Its Impact on Copyright Law|104
2|4.1 The Impacts of Technological Measures and the Anti-Circumvention Law|106
3|4.1.1 Definition of an `Effective Technological Measure´|107
3|4.1.2 Circumstances Under Which Violation of Anti-Circumventing Rules Lead to Liabilities|108
3|4.1.3 Definition of a Circumventing Device|110
3|4.1.4 Circumvention Exceptions|110
3|4.1.5 Conclusions|112
2|4.2 Licences and Contracts in Copyright Transaction|113
3|4.2.1 Uses of Shrink-Wrap and Click-Wrap Licence|113
3|4.2.2 Validity of Shrink-Wrap and Click-Wrap Licences|115
3|4.2.3 Solutions to Deal with a Contract´s Overriding Effects|117
2|4.3 Legal Challenges in the Electronic Dissemination of Information|121
3|4.3.1 Electronic Copying|121
4|Temporary Reproduction|121
4|Private Copying|123
3|4.3.2 The `New´ Right of Communication to the Public|127
3|4.3.3 Public Libraries|130
4|Circulation of Software|130
4|Journal Articles|132
4|Interlibrary Loans|133
3|4.3.4 Distance Educational Institutions|135
3|4.3.5 ISPs´ Liability|137
2|4.4 A New Model for Copyright Transaction|139
3|4.4.1 Examples|139
3|4.4.2 The Implications|141
2|4.5 Conclusion|143
2|References|143
1|Chapter 5: China: Copyright Limitations and Exceptions for Education and Research|149
2|5.1 The History and Development of Copyright Law|149
3|5.1.1 Cultural Background|149
3|5.1.2 A Transplanted Copyright Law|150
2|5.2 Current Situation of Education and Research|152
2|5.3 Copyright Limitations and Exceptions|153
3|5.3.1 The Copyright Law of 1990 and the Amendments of 2001|153
3|5.3.2 Limitations on Copyright: A General Picture|154
3|5.3.3 Private Use|156
3|5.3.4 Limitations for Education and Research|159
4|Reproduction Exemptions for Classroom Teaching and Scientific Research|159
4|Distance Education|161
3|5.3.5 Limitations for Libraries|163
4|Libraries´ Exemptions and a Right to Lend|163
4|Legal Issues and Libraries|164
3|5.3.6 Conclusion|168
2|5.4 Collective Copyright Management|169
3|5.4.1 Background|169
3|5.4.2 Three Collective Administration Models|169
3|5.4.3 CMOs in China|170
3|5.4.4 CMOs´ Monopoly|172
3|5.4.5 CMOs´ Inability to Represent Non-Member Right Holders|174
3|5.4.6 Summary|178
2|5.5 Conclusion|179
2|References|180
1|Chapter 6: China: Copyright Issues in a Digital Environment|184
2|6.1 Copyright in a Digital Environment|184
3|6.1.1 Wang Meng et al v Century-Online Company|185
3|6.1.2 Key Issues|186
4|The Reproduction Right|186
4|The Right of Communication with an Information Network|188
4|ISPs´ Liability|190
3|6.1.3 Conclusion|196
2|6.2 Anti-circumvention Law|196
3|6.2.1 Development of Anti-circumvention Rules|196
3|6.2.2 Key Notions in the Information Network Regulations|197
4|Technological Measures|197
4|Prohibited Activities|198
4|Exemptions|199
4|Conclusion|200
2|6.3 The Law of Contract Governing the Use of Copyrighted Works|202
3|6.3.1 Relevant Laws|202
3|6.3.2 Suggestions for Future Amendments|204
2|6.4 The Copyright Law of 1990 Under Reform|205
2|6.5 Open Licences|207
2|6.6 Conclusions|207
2|References|209
1|Chapter 7: South Africa: Digital Age Copyright Limitations and Exceptions for Education and Research|212
2|7.1 Copyright Law History|213
2|7.2 The Current Situation of Education|214
3|7.2.1 Expensive Educational Materials|214
3|7.2.2 Conclusion|216
2|7.3 South Africa Transformative Constitutionalism|217
3|7.3.1 The Constitution and IPRs|218
3|7.3.2 The Constitution and Other Sectors of Law|219
2|7.4 Copyright Law: Limitations and Exceptions|220
3|7.4.1 Fair Dealing for Teaching, Research and Private Study|220
3|7.4.2 Exceptions for Educational Institutions and Libraries|222
4|The General Exception for Reproduction|222
4|Special Exceptions|223
3|7.4.3 Evaluation|224
2|7.5 The Law of Contract Governing the Use of Copyrighted Works|224
3|7.5.1 Contracts and Public Policy|225
3|7.5.2 The Consumer Protection Act|228
3|7.5.3 The Intersection of Contract Law and the Copyright Act|232
2|7.6 Issues in a Digital Environment|233
3|7.6.1 Anti-circumvention Rules|234
3|7.6.2 The Right to Reproduce Works|235
3|7.6.3 Interactive Transmission|236
3|7.6.4 ISPs´ Liability|237
4|The Common Law|238
4|ECTA|240
2|7.7 Balancing Statutory Exceptions and Licensing Schemes|241
3|7.7.1 The Debates|241
3|7.7.2 Generous Exceptions and Non-voluntary Licensing|242
4|Policy Background|242
4|Economic Analysis|243
3|7.7.3 Voluntary Licensing|245
4|Background|245
4|A Comparison of the Copyright Societies in the UK and South Africa|247
3|7.7.4 Open Licences|249
2|7.8 Conclusion|251
2|References|252
1|Chapter 8: Conclusion|256
2|8.1 The Need to Revisit Copyright Law|256
2|8.2 Comparative Approach|257
2|8.3 Concluding Remarks|258
3|8.3.1 No `One-Template-for-All´|258
3|8.3.2 Formulating Limitations and Exceptions: Combining Certainty and Flexibility|259
3|8.3.3 A Balance Between Protection and Restriction on Copyrights|260
3|8.3.4 Taking the Interests of Stakeholders into Account|262
3|8.3.5 Economics Plays a Part in Policymaking|264
3|8.3.6 Alternatives That Broaden Access to Copyrighted Materials|265
2|References|267