File #2352: "2018_Book_NewFrontiersInOffenderTreatmen.pdf"
Text
1|Dedication|5
1|Acknowledgement|6
1|Contents|7
1|Chapter 1: Introduction: The Role of Evidence-Based Interventions in Forensic Settings|9
2|1.1 Introduction|9
2|1.2 Evidence-Based Interventions|11
2|1.3 Evidence-Based Intervention within Corrections|12
2|References|14
1|Part I: Current Models of Correctional Treatment|16
2|Chapter 2: The Historical Roots, Current Status, and Future Applications of the Risk-Need-Responsivity Model (RNR)|17
3|2.1 Introduction|17
3|2.2 The Fundamental Principles of RNR|18
4|2.2.1 Historical Background|18
4|2.2.2 Formalization of the RNR Principles|20
3|2.3 RNR as a Comprehensive Model for Offender Assessment, Treatment, and Management|22
4|2.3.1 Overarching Principles|23
4|2.3.2 Principles of Structured Assessment|24
4|2.3.3 Principles of Service Delivery|25
4|2.3.4 Organizational Principles|26
3|2.4 Research and Meta-Analyses on RNR|27
4|2.4.1 RNR-Informed Intervention|27
3|2.5 Criticisms, Oversights, and Debates about RNR|31
4|2.5.1 Strengths, Resilience, and Protective Factors|32
4|2.5.2 The Failure of Knowledge Translation in the Application of RNR–Based Assessment and Intervention|34
4|2.5.3 Responsivity|36
3|2.6 Variations and Enhancements of RNR|36
3|2.7 The Future of RNR–Based Assessment and Intervention|39
3|References|41
2|Chapter 3: Protective Factors and the Good Lives Model: Combining Positive Approaches to Assessment and Treatment|48
3|3.1 Introduction|48
3|3.2 Positive Approaches to Assessment|49
4|3.2.1 The Introduction of Protective Factors in Risk Assessment|50
3|3.3 Positive Approaches to Treatment|54
4|3.3.1 The Good Lives Model|54
3|3.4 Linking Positive Approaches to Assessment and Treatment|56
3|3.5 Concluding Comments|58
3|References|59
2|Chapter 4: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Forensic Treatment|62
3|4.1 Overview of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)|62
4|4.1.1 Basic CBT Principles|63
4|4.1.2 For What Types of Problems Is CBT Most Effective?|66
3|4.2 The Effectiveness of CBT in Forensic Treatment|67
4|4.2.1 CBT for Antisocial Conduct|67
4|4.2.2 Specialized CBT Programs: Sex, Drugs, and Violence|69
5|Offenders Who Committed Sexual Crimes|69
5|Drug Offenders|69
5|Violent Offenders|70
3|4.3 Practical Considerations in Adapting CBT to Forensic Populations|71
4|4.3.1 Taking a Risk Versus a Symptom-Focused Approach|71
5|Risk-Focused Assessment and Case Formulation|72
5|The Role of Mental Health Symptoms|75
5|Engagement and Motivation|76
4|4.3.2 Cognitive Components of Treatment|76
4|4.3.3 Behavioral Components of Treatment|79
3|4.4 Recent Innovations: The Integration of CBT into Probation|81
3|4.5 Summary|83
3|References|83
1|Part II: Clinical Factors Contributing to Treatment Outcome in Corrections|90
2|Chapter 5: The Role of the Therapeutic Alliance in Offender Therapy|91
3|5.1 Introduction|91
3|5.2 The Therapeutic Alliance in General Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice|92
4|5.2.1 Therapist Characteristics|92
4|5.2.2 Features that Facilitate Change|92
4|5.2.3 Features that Impede Change|95
4|5.2.4 Emotion in the Therapeutic Relationship|96
4|5.2.5 Clients’ Perceptions|96
3|5.3 Research on the Therapeutic Alliance in Corrections Settings|97
3|5.4 The Therapeutic Alliance and High-Risk Offenders in Therapy|100
3|5.5 Conclusion and Promising Directions for Future Research|104
3|References|105
2|Chapter 6: Therapist-Related Factors in Correctional Treatment|113
3|6.1 Introduction|113
3|6.2 Therapist Characteristics|114
3|6.3 Therapists in the Criminal Justice System|116
3|6.4 Therapist Training|117
3|6.5 Correctional Therapist Training and Experience|118
3|6.6 Burnout|120
3|6.7 Burnout Among Therapists in the Criminal Justice System|120
4|6.7.1 Vicarious Traumatization|121
4|6.7.2 Countertransference|122
3|6.8 Conclusions and Recommendations|124
3|References|126
2|Chapter 7: Diversity Considerations in the Application of Evidence-Based Interventions with Forensic Clients|131
3|7.1 Introduction|131
3|7.2 Multicultural Competence|132
3|7.3 The Therapeutic Relationship, Group Cohesion, and Diverse Clients|134
4|7.3.1 Special Considerations for LGBTQ Individuals in Correctional Settings|137
3|7.4 Evidence-Based Treatments (EBTs) with Diverse Clients|138
4|7.4.1 Cultural Adaptation of EBTs with African Americans|138
4|7.4.2 Cultural Adaptations of EBTs with Latinos|139
4|7.4.3 Cultural Adaptations of EBTs with Asian Americans|140
4|7.4.4 Cultural Adaptations of EBTs with Native Americans|140
4|7.4.5 EBTs with Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Individuals|140
4|7.4.6 EBTs and Socioeconomic Status (SES)|141
3|7.5 Adapting EBTs for Use with Diverse Clients in Forensic or Correctional Settings|141
3|7.6 Conclusions|143
3|References|144
1|Part III: Adaptation of Evidence Based Treatment to Corrections|149
2|Chapter 8: Adapting Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Use in Correctional Settings|150
3|8.1 Introduction|150
3|8.2 Why Correctional DBT?|151
4|8.2.1 Compatibility with Existing Models of Correctional Treatment|152
4|8.2.2 Ability to Address Most Serious Behavioral Issues|153
4|8.2.3 Decreasing Recidivism|154
4|8.2.4 Human Rights Concerns|155
3|8.3 Evidence Base for DBT in Corrections|155
3|8.4 Overview of General DBT|157
4|8.4.1 Stages of Treatment|157
4|8.4.2 Elements of Treatment|158
4|8.4.3 Inpatient Adaptation|161
3|8.5 Adaptations to DBT in the Correctional Model|163
4|8.5.1 Biosocial Theory|163
4|8.5.2 Treatment Targets|164
4|8.5.3 Skills Training|164
4|8.5.4 Consultation Team|166
4|8.5.5 Staff Education and Support Meeting|166
4|8.5.6 Skills Coaching|166
4|8.5.7 Milieu Structures|167
3|8.6 Conclusion|168
3|References|169
2|Chapter 9: Incorporating Principles of Trauma-Informed Care Into Evidence-Based Sex Offending Treatment|173
3|9.1 Introduction|173
3|9.2 What Exactly Is TIC?|174
3|9.3 Why Are Trauma-Informed Practices Important in Treatment for Sexual Offending?|175
3|9.4 Is TIC Evidence-Based?|177
3|9.5 CARES Model of Trauma-Informed SOTX|178
3|9.6 Translating TIC into SOTX Goals|179
4|9.6.1 Accountability|179
4|9.6.2 Empathy|180
4|9.6.3 Reconstructing Relapse Prevention as Self-Regulation|181
4|9.6.4 Thinking and Cognitions|183
4|9.6.5 Relationship Skills and the Power of Group Therapy|184
3|9.7 Summary and Conclusions|185
3|References|186
2|Chapter 10: Can Mindfulness Make Prison a Healthier Place?|191
3|10.1 Introduction and Overview|191
4|10.1.1 Mindfulness Programs in Prison Settings|192
4|10.1.2 General Research on Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs)|193
3|10.2 Mindfulness Defined|194
4|10.2.1 Benefits of Mindfulness|195
3|10.3 The Application of MBIs with Incarcerated Populations|197
4|10.3.1 Aggression, Violence, and Anti-social Personality Disorder (ASPD)|198
4|10.3.2 Women at Risk for Anger, Hostility, and Violence|198
4|10.3.3 Juvenile Offenders at Risk for Anger and Hostility|199
4|10.3.4 Substance Abuse and Addiction Treatment|199
4|10.3.5 Substance Abuse Treatment for Incarcerated Juveniles|200
4|10.3.6 Depression, Mental Illness, and Dual Diagnosis Treatment|200
4|10.3.7 Women Prisoners: Stress, Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep Issues|201
3|10.4 Mindfulness-Based Wellness & Resiliency (MBWR) Programs for Prison Staff|201
3|10.5 Implications for Future Research|202
3|10.6 Summary|203
3|References|204
2|Chapter 11: Motivational Interviewing with Court-Ordered Populations|211
3|11.1 Introduction|211
3|11.2 Motivational Interviewing: What Is It?|212
3|11.3 Why Use Motivational Interviewing with Court-Ordered Clients?|213
3|11.4 What’s the Evidence?|215
3|11.5 What Does It Look Like in Practice?|220
3|11.6 What Happens Now?|221
3|11.7 Concluding Thoughts|223
3|References|223
2|Chapter 12: Assertive Community Treatment with People with Combined Mental Illness and Criminal Justice Involvement|229
3|12.1 Introduction|229
3|12.2 History and Origins of Assertive Community Treatment|230
3|12.3 Principles of ACT and their Evolution|231
3|12.4 Evidence Supporting ACT|233
3|12.5 Adapting ACT with Forensically Involved Clients|235
4|12.5.1 Inception of FACT|235
4|12.5.2 Evolution of FACT|237
4|12.5.3 Guiding Principles and Key Components of FACT|237
5|Dual Agency|238
3|12.6 Evidence Supporting FACT|239
4|12.6.1 Factors Related to Outcomes in FACT|240
3|12.7 Case Example|241
4|12.7.1 FACT for Chris|244
3|12.8 Challenges and Future Directions|245
3|References|247
2|Chapter 13: Multisystemic Therapy for Serious Juvenile Offenders: From Development to Dissemination|252
3|13.1 Introduction|252
3|13.2 Theoretical Foundations|254
3|13.3 Empirical Foundations|256
3|13.4 Clinical Foundations|257
3|13.5 Clinical and Economic Benefits|258
4|13.5.1 MST with Violent and Chronic Juvenile Offenders|258
4|13.5.2 MST with Juvenile Sexual Offenders|260
3|13.6 Dissemination and Treatment Fidelity|261
4|13.6.1 Implementation|261
4|13.6.2 Quality Assurance|262
3|13.7 Future Directions in Treatment with Serious Juvenile Offenders|262
3|References|264
2|Chapter 14: Treatments that Work for Intimate Partner Violence: Beyond the Duluth Model|269
3|14.1 Introduction|269
3|14.2 Treatments|271
4|14.2.1 Duluth Model|271
4|14.2.2 Conjoint Treatments|272
4|14.2.3 Military Interventions|274
4|14.2.4 Achieving Change Through Values-Based Behavior Program|275
4|14.2.5 Alcohol-Based Interventions|277
3|14.3 Conclusions|279
3|References|281
2|Chapter 15: Can Psychopathy Be Treated? What the Research Tells Us|286
3|15.1 Introduction|286
3|15.2 An Overview of PCL-R-Measured Psychopathy|287
3|15.3 Psychopathy and Therapeutic Pessimism|288
4|15.3.1 Challenges in Working with Psychopathic Offenders|288
3|15.4 Meta-analytic Reviews of Treatment Outcome|289
3|15.5 Ineffective Therapeutic Approaches|290
4|15.5.1 The Penetanguishene Therapeutic Community Study|290
4|15.5.2 Characteristics of Ineffective Approaches|291
3|15.6 Promising Therapeutic Approaches|292
4|15.6.1 A Two-Component Model for the Treatment of Psychopathy: Overview and Rationale|293
4|15.6.2 Implementing Component 1|294
5|Staff Training, Selection, and Support|294
5|Open Lines of Communication|294
5|Maintaining Boundaries and Managing Countertransference|294
5|Motivating the Unmotivated|295
5|Core Correctional Practices (CCPs)|295
5|Managing the Working Alliance|295
4|15.6.3 Implementing Component 2|295
5|Targeting Criminogenic Need|295
5|Assessing and Evaluating Risk|296
5|Monitoring and Treating OABs and ORBs|296
5|An Illustrative Example: The Violence Reduction Program|297
4|15.6.4 Promising Therapeutic Approaches: A Literature Recap and Update|297
5|Outcome Studies with Violent Offenders|298
5|Outcome Studies with Sexual Offenders|299
5|Characteristics of Promising Programs|301
3|15.7 Conclusions and Future Directions|302
3|References|302
2|Chapter 16: Conclusion: Where Do We Go from Here?|306
3|16.1 Introduction|306
3|16.2 New Directions|308
4|16.2.1 Create a Task Force|308
4|16.2.2 Enhance Forensic Training|309
4|16.2.3 Address Diversity|310
4|16.2.4 Think Outside the Box|311
4|16.2.5 Treat Clients Holistically|312
3|16.3 Conclusion|312
3|References|313
1|Index|315
1|Acknowledgement|6
1|Contents|7
1|Chapter 1: Introduction: The Role of Evidence-Based Interventions in Forensic Settings|9
2|1.1 Introduction|9
2|1.2 Evidence-Based Interventions|11
2|1.3 Evidence-Based Intervention within Corrections|12
2|References|14
1|Part I: Current Models of Correctional Treatment|16
2|Chapter 2: The Historical Roots, Current Status, and Future Applications of the Risk-Need-Responsivity Model (RNR)|17
3|2.1 Introduction|17
3|2.2 The Fundamental Principles of RNR|18
4|2.2.1 Historical Background|18
4|2.2.2 Formalization of the RNR Principles|20
3|2.3 RNR as a Comprehensive Model for Offender Assessment, Treatment, and Management|22
4|2.3.1 Overarching Principles|23
4|2.3.2 Principles of Structured Assessment|24
4|2.3.3 Principles of Service Delivery|25
4|2.3.4 Organizational Principles|26
3|2.4 Research and Meta-Analyses on RNR|27
4|2.4.1 RNR-Informed Intervention|27
3|2.5 Criticisms, Oversights, and Debates about RNR|31
4|2.5.1 Strengths, Resilience, and Protective Factors|32
4|2.5.2 The Failure of Knowledge Translation in the Application of RNR–Based Assessment and Intervention|34
4|2.5.3 Responsivity|36
3|2.6 Variations and Enhancements of RNR|36
3|2.7 The Future of RNR–Based Assessment and Intervention|39
3|References|41
2|Chapter 3: Protective Factors and the Good Lives Model: Combining Positive Approaches to Assessment and Treatment|48
3|3.1 Introduction|48
3|3.2 Positive Approaches to Assessment|49
4|3.2.1 The Introduction of Protective Factors in Risk Assessment|50
3|3.3 Positive Approaches to Treatment|54
4|3.3.1 The Good Lives Model|54
3|3.4 Linking Positive Approaches to Assessment and Treatment|56
3|3.5 Concluding Comments|58
3|References|59
2|Chapter 4: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Forensic Treatment|62
3|4.1 Overview of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)|62
4|4.1.1 Basic CBT Principles|63
4|4.1.2 For What Types of Problems Is CBT Most Effective?|66
3|4.2 The Effectiveness of CBT in Forensic Treatment|67
4|4.2.1 CBT for Antisocial Conduct|67
4|4.2.2 Specialized CBT Programs: Sex, Drugs, and Violence|69
5|Offenders Who Committed Sexual Crimes|69
5|Drug Offenders|69
5|Violent Offenders|70
3|4.3 Practical Considerations in Adapting CBT to Forensic Populations|71
4|4.3.1 Taking a Risk Versus a Symptom-Focused Approach|71
5|Risk-Focused Assessment and Case Formulation|72
5|The Role of Mental Health Symptoms|75
5|Engagement and Motivation|76
4|4.3.2 Cognitive Components of Treatment|76
4|4.3.3 Behavioral Components of Treatment|79
3|4.4 Recent Innovations: The Integration of CBT into Probation|81
3|4.5 Summary|83
3|References|83
1|Part II: Clinical Factors Contributing to Treatment Outcome in Corrections|90
2|Chapter 5: The Role of the Therapeutic Alliance in Offender Therapy|91
3|5.1 Introduction|91
3|5.2 The Therapeutic Alliance in General Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice|92
4|5.2.1 Therapist Characteristics|92
4|5.2.2 Features that Facilitate Change|92
4|5.2.3 Features that Impede Change|95
4|5.2.4 Emotion in the Therapeutic Relationship|96
4|5.2.5 Clients’ Perceptions|96
3|5.3 Research on the Therapeutic Alliance in Corrections Settings|97
3|5.4 The Therapeutic Alliance and High-Risk Offenders in Therapy|100
3|5.5 Conclusion and Promising Directions for Future Research|104
3|References|105
2|Chapter 6: Therapist-Related Factors in Correctional Treatment|113
3|6.1 Introduction|113
3|6.2 Therapist Characteristics|114
3|6.3 Therapists in the Criminal Justice System|116
3|6.4 Therapist Training|117
3|6.5 Correctional Therapist Training and Experience|118
3|6.6 Burnout|120
3|6.7 Burnout Among Therapists in the Criminal Justice System|120
4|6.7.1 Vicarious Traumatization|121
4|6.7.2 Countertransference|122
3|6.8 Conclusions and Recommendations|124
3|References|126
2|Chapter 7: Diversity Considerations in the Application of Evidence-Based Interventions with Forensic Clients|131
3|7.1 Introduction|131
3|7.2 Multicultural Competence|132
3|7.3 The Therapeutic Relationship, Group Cohesion, and Diverse Clients|134
4|7.3.1 Special Considerations for LGBTQ Individuals in Correctional Settings|137
3|7.4 Evidence-Based Treatments (EBTs) with Diverse Clients|138
4|7.4.1 Cultural Adaptation of EBTs with African Americans|138
4|7.4.2 Cultural Adaptations of EBTs with Latinos|139
4|7.4.3 Cultural Adaptations of EBTs with Asian Americans|140
4|7.4.4 Cultural Adaptations of EBTs with Native Americans|140
4|7.4.5 EBTs with Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Individuals|140
4|7.4.6 EBTs and Socioeconomic Status (SES)|141
3|7.5 Adapting EBTs for Use with Diverse Clients in Forensic or Correctional Settings|141
3|7.6 Conclusions|143
3|References|144
1|Part III: Adaptation of Evidence Based Treatment to Corrections|149
2|Chapter 8: Adapting Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Use in Correctional Settings|150
3|8.1 Introduction|150
3|8.2 Why Correctional DBT?|151
4|8.2.1 Compatibility with Existing Models of Correctional Treatment|152
4|8.2.2 Ability to Address Most Serious Behavioral Issues|153
4|8.2.3 Decreasing Recidivism|154
4|8.2.4 Human Rights Concerns|155
3|8.3 Evidence Base for DBT in Corrections|155
3|8.4 Overview of General DBT|157
4|8.4.1 Stages of Treatment|157
4|8.4.2 Elements of Treatment|158
4|8.4.3 Inpatient Adaptation|161
3|8.5 Adaptations to DBT in the Correctional Model|163
4|8.5.1 Biosocial Theory|163
4|8.5.2 Treatment Targets|164
4|8.5.3 Skills Training|164
4|8.5.4 Consultation Team|166
4|8.5.5 Staff Education and Support Meeting|166
4|8.5.6 Skills Coaching|166
4|8.5.7 Milieu Structures|167
3|8.6 Conclusion|168
3|References|169
2|Chapter 9: Incorporating Principles of Trauma-Informed Care Into Evidence-Based Sex Offending Treatment|173
3|9.1 Introduction|173
3|9.2 What Exactly Is TIC?|174
3|9.3 Why Are Trauma-Informed Practices Important in Treatment for Sexual Offending?|175
3|9.4 Is TIC Evidence-Based?|177
3|9.5 CARES Model of Trauma-Informed SOTX|178
3|9.6 Translating TIC into SOTX Goals|179
4|9.6.1 Accountability|179
4|9.6.2 Empathy|180
4|9.6.3 Reconstructing Relapse Prevention as Self-Regulation|181
4|9.6.4 Thinking and Cognitions|183
4|9.6.5 Relationship Skills and the Power of Group Therapy|184
3|9.7 Summary and Conclusions|185
3|References|186
2|Chapter 10: Can Mindfulness Make Prison a Healthier Place?|191
3|10.1 Introduction and Overview|191
4|10.1.1 Mindfulness Programs in Prison Settings|192
4|10.1.2 General Research on Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs)|193
3|10.2 Mindfulness Defined|194
4|10.2.1 Benefits of Mindfulness|195
3|10.3 The Application of MBIs with Incarcerated Populations|197
4|10.3.1 Aggression, Violence, and Anti-social Personality Disorder (ASPD)|198
4|10.3.2 Women at Risk for Anger, Hostility, and Violence|198
4|10.3.3 Juvenile Offenders at Risk for Anger and Hostility|199
4|10.3.4 Substance Abuse and Addiction Treatment|199
4|10.3.5 Substance Abuse Treatment for Incarcerated Juveniles|200
4|10.3.6 Depression, Mental Illness, and Dual Diagnosis Treatment|200
4|10.3.7 Women Prisoners: Stress, Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep Issues|201
3|10.4 Mindfulness-Based Wellness & Resiliency (MBWR) Programs for Prison Staff|201
3|10.5 Implications for Future Research|202
3|10.6 Summary|203
3|References|204
2|Chapter 11: Motivational Interviewing with Court-Ordered Populations|211
3|11.1 Introduction|211
3|11.2 Motivational Interviewing: What Is It?|212
3|11.3 Why Use Motivational Interviewing with Court-Ordered Clients?|213
3|11.4 What’s the Evidence?|215
3|11.5 What Does It Look Like in Practice?|220
3|11.6 What Happens Now?|221
3|11.7 Concluding Thoughts|223
3|References|223
2|Chapter 12: Assertive Community Treatment with People with Combined Mental Illness and Criminal Justice Involvement|229
3|12.1 Introduction|229
3|12.2 History and Origins of Assertive Community Treatment|230
3|12.3 Principles of ACT and their Evolution|231
3|12.4 Evidence Supporting ACT|233
3|12.5 Adapting ACT with Forensically Involved Clients|235
4|12.5.1 Inception of FACT|235
4|12.5.2 Evolution of FACT|237
4|12.5.3 Guiding Principles and Key Components of FACT|237
5|Dual Agency|238
3|12.6 Evidence Supporting FACT|239
4|12.6.1 Factors Related to Outcomes in FACT|240
3|12.7 Case Example|241
4|12.7.1 FACT for Chris|244
3|12.8 Challenges and Future Directions|245
3|References|247
2|Chapter 13: Multisystemic Therapy for Serious Juvenile Offenders: From Development to Dissemination|252
3|13.1 Introduction|252
3|13.2 Theoretical Foundations|254
3|13.3 Empirical Foundations|256
3|13.4 Clinical Foundations|257
3|13.5 Clinical and Economic Benefits|258
4|13.5.1 MST with Violent and Chronic Juvenile Offenders|258
4|13.5.2 MST with Juvenile Sexual Offenders|260
3|13.6 Dissemination and Treatment Fidelity|261
4|13.6.1 Implementation|261
4|13.6.2 Quality Assurance|262
3|13.7 Future Directions in Treatment with Serious Juvenile Offenders|262
3|References|264
2|Chapter 14: Treatments that Work for Intimate Partner Violence: Beyond the Duluth Model|269
3|14.1 Introduction|269
3|14.2 Treatments|271
4|14.2.1 Duluth Model|271
4|14.2.2 Conjoint Treatments|272
4|14.2.3 Military Interventions|274
4|14.2.4 Achieving Change Through Values-Based Behavior Program|275
4|14.2.5 Alcohol-Based Interventions|277
3|14.3 Conclusions|279
3|References|281
2|Chapter 15: Can Psychopathy Be Treated? What the Research Tells Us|286
3|15.1 Introduction|286
3|15.2 An Overview of PCL-R-Measured Psychopathy|287
3|15.3 Psychopathy and Therapeutic Pessimism|288
4|15.3.1 Challenges in Working with Psychopathic Offenders|288
3|15.4 Meta-analytic Reviews of Treatment Outcome|289
3|15.5 Ineffective Therapeutic Approaches|290
4|15.5.1 The Penetanguishene Therapeutic Community Study|290
4|15.5.2 Characteristics of Ineffective Approaches|291
3|15.6 Promising Therapeutic Approaches|292
4|15.6.1 A Two-Component Model for the Treatment of Psychopathy: Overview and Rationale|293
4|15.6.2 Implementing Component 1|294
5|Staff Training, Selection, and Support|294
5|Open Lines of Communication|294
5|Maintaining Boundaries and Managing Countertransference|294
5|Motivating the Unmotivated|295
5|Core Correctional Practices (CCPs)|295
5|Managing the Working Alliance|295
4|15.6.3 Implementing Component 2|295
5|Targeting Criminogenic Need|295
5|Assessing and Evaluating Risk|296
5|Monitoring and Treating OABs and ORBs|296
5|An Illustrative Example: The Violence Reduction Program|297
4|15.6.4 Promising Therapeutic Approaches: A Literature Recap and Update|297
5|Outcome Studies with Violent Offenders|298
5|Outcome Studies with Sexual Offenders|299
5|Characteristics of Promising Programs|301
3|15.7 Conclusions and Future Directions|302
3|References|302
2|Chapter 16: Conclusion: Where Do We Go from Here?|306
3|16.1 Introduction|306
3|16.2 New Directions|308
4|16.2.1 Create a Task Force|308
4|16.2.2 Enhance Forensic Training|309
4|16.2.3 Address Diversity|310
4|16.2.4 Think Outside the Box|311
4|16.2.5 Treat Clients Holistically|312
3|16.3 Conclusion|312
3|References|313
1|Index|315