File #2432: "2018_Book_GreenCrimeInMexico.pdf"
Text
1|Acknowledgments|6
1|Contents|7
1|Editors and Contributors|10
1|List of Figures|15
1|List of Tables|18
1|1: Green Harms and Crimes in Mexico|19
2|Introduction|19
2|Background|21
2|The Collection|25
3|Box 1.1: By Misael Morales Bernadino|26
4|Crime and Offence|26
4|Offences Against the Environment|27
2|Common Threads|28
3|Environmental Justice|28
3|Crimes of the Powerful|29
3|Corruption|31
3|Resistance and Activism|32
2|Chapter Summaries|32
2|References|39
1|Part I: Environmental Degradation|41
2|2: Sixteen Years of Parasitism in Cuatrociénegas, Coahuila: The Lesser of Two Evils|42
3|Introduction|42
3|Why Is the Cuatrociénegas Ecosystem Relevant?|43
3|The Lesser of Two Evils?|45
3|Who Are the Responsible Parties?|49
4|Authorities|49
4|Companies|50
4|Alfalfa Farmers|51
4|Consumers|51
3|What Type of Green Crime Is This?|52
3|Who Is the Victim of This Crime?|53
3|Remediation Measures|53
3|References|54
2|3: Shale Gas Extraction, Energy Reform, and Environmental Damage|56
3|Introduction|56
3|Mexico|57
3|Environmental Harm in the Changing Energy Sector|59
3|Conclusion|62
3|References|63
2|4: Loss of Community Identity: Should It Be Considered a Crime If It Is Linked to Environmental Deterioration?|66
3|References|75
1|Part II: Social and Environmental Justice|77
2|5: Security, Justice, and Forest Protection! An Indigenous Community’s Fight Against Illegal Deforestation and Organised Crime in Cherán, Mexico|78
3|Introduction|78
3|The Mexican State|79
3|‘Environmentalism of the Poor’ and Environmental Justice|80
3|Self-Defence Movement in the Indigenous Community of San Francisco de Cherán, Michoacán|81
3|Final Remarks|85
3|References|86
2|6: National Tree Clearing Program: An Environmental Crime for Mexico|89
3|Introduction|89
3|PRONADE Specifications|91
3|Consequences of PRONADE|94
3|Final Remarks|97
3|References|97
2|7: Wind Power and Environmental Justice: The Case of Istmo de Tehuantepec|101
3|Conclusion|109
3|References|110
2|8: Illegal Logging in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve (RBMM) of the States of México and Michoacán, Mexico|117
3|Introduction|117
3|The Problem|118
3|Inspection and Surveillance Programme by PROFEPA|120
3|Conclusions|123
3|References|125
1|Part III: Wildlife Trade|127
2|9: Wildlife Trafficking by Parcel Service: A National Problem that Threatens Biodiversity|128
3|Introduction|128
3|Background|129
3|Parcel Service|131
3|Examples|132
3|Discussion and Conclusion|135
3|References|136
2|10: Laundering of Illegal Wild Fauna in Mexico: Case Study of a Pair of Desert Monitors Varanus griseus griseus (Daudin, 1803)|139
3|Introduction|139
3|Background to Laundering|140
3|The Pair of Desert Monitors|142
3|A Green Crime|145
3|Conclusion|146
3|References|147
2|11: Traditional Bird Trader Families: Towards a New Approach|149
3|Introduction|149
3|Main Cause of the Decrease in Bird Populations|150
3|Traditional Bird Trader Families|151
4|Indigenous Rights|151
4|Cultural Tradition|152
4|Community Management|152
3|Threats to the Bird Trade|154
4|Poverty|154
4|Capturing Birds by Non-traditional Methods and Processes|154
4|Radical Changes to Environmental Laws and Lack of Adaptability to These Changes|155
4|Stigmatisation|156
4|Persecuted|156
3|Conclusion|157
3|References|158
2|12: Trafficking of Totoaba Maw|161
3|Introduction|161
3|Background|162
3|Trafficking of Totoaba Maw|164
3|Response|165
4|Stakeholders Involved in the Response|166
5|The Army|166
5|The Federal Police|167
5|Attorney General of Mexico (PGR)|168
5|The Autonomous University of Baja California (UABC)|168
5|The Navy|169
5|PROFEPA|170
3|Organised Crime and Corruption|173
4|Modus Operandi|174
3|Damage|175
3|Faced with This Problem, What Can Be Done?|176
4|Conservation Measures|176
4|Criminal Investigation|177
3|Conclusion|177
3|References|179
1|Part IV: Non-compliance with Environmental Obligations|183
2|13: Request for Reversal or Modification of the Imposed Sanctions According to the General Law of Ecological Equilibrium and Environmental Protection (LGEEPA)|184
3|Introduction|184
3|Background|185
3|Analysis|187
3|Discussion|188
3|Conclusion|190
3|References|190
2|14: When a Mining Company Releases of Copper Sulphate Acid Solution into the Environment|192
3|Introduction|192
3|The Context of Environmental Crime|193
3|Public Information About the Facts|194
4|Release into the Environment|194
4|The Nature of the Activity|194
4|The Activities|195
4|The Substance|195
4|Environmental Damage|197
3|Green Criminology Elements|197
4|General facts|199
4|Mechanics of the Spill|199
4|Environmental Transport and Causal Chain of Damage|201
3|Denial of Facts by the Offender|204
3|Call for Prosecution of the Offence in 201411|206
3|Up to the Present Day|207
3|Conclusion|209
3|References|212
1|Index|215
1|Contents|7
1|Editors and Contributors|10
1|List of Figures|15
1|List of Tables|18
1|1: Green Harms and Crimes in Mexico|19
2|Introduction|19
2|Background|21
2|The Collection|25
3|Box 1.1: By Misael Morales Bernadino|26
4|Crime and Offence|26
4|Offences Against the Environment|27
2|Common Threads|28
3|Environmental Justice|28
3|Crimes of the Powerful|29
3|Corruption|31
3|Resistance and Activism|32
2|Chapter Summaries|32
2|References|39
1|Part I: Environmental Degradation|41
2|2: Sixteen Years of Parasitism in Cuatrociénegas, Coahuila: The Lesser of Two Evils|42
3|Introduction|42
3|Why Is the Cuatrociénegas Ecosystem Relevant?|43
3|The Lesser of Two Evils?|45
3|Who Are the Responsible Parties?|49
4|Authorities|49
4|Companies|50
4|Alfalfa Farmers|51
4|Consumers|51
3|What Type of Green Crime Is This?|52
3|Who Is the Victim of This Crime?|53
3|Remediation Measures|53
3|References|54
2|3: Shale Gas Extraction, Energy Reform, and Environmental Damage|56
3|Introduction|56
3|Mexico|57
3|Environmental Harm in the Changing Energy Sector|59
3|Conclusion|62
3|References|63
2|4: Loss of Community Identity: Should It Be Considered a Crime If It Is Linked to Environmental Deterioration?|66
3|References|75
1|Part II: Social and Environmental Justice|77
2|5: Security, Justice, and Forest Protection! An Indigenous Community’s Fight Against Illegal Deforestation and Organised Crime in Cherán, Mexico|78
3|Introduction|78
3|The Mexican State|79
3|‘Environmentalism of the Poor’ and Environmental Justice|80
3|Self-Defence Movement in the Indigenous Community of San Francisco de Cherán, Michoacán|81
3|Final Remarks|85
3|References|86
2|6: National Tree Clearing Program: An Environmental Crime for Mexico|89
3|Introduction|89
3|PRONADE Specifications|91
3|Consequences of PRONADE|94
3|Final Remarks|97
3|References|97
2|7: Wind Power and Environmental Justice: The Case of Istmo de Tehuantepec|101
3|Conclusion|109
3|References|110
2|8: Illegal Logging in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve (RBMM) of the States of México and Michoacán, Mexico|117
3|Introduction|117
3|The Problem|118
3|Inspection and Surveillance Programme by PROFEPA|120
3|Conclusions|123
3|References|125
1|Part III: Wildlife Trade|127
2|9: Wildlife Trafficking by Parcel Service: A National Problem that Threatens Biodiversity|128
3|Introduction|128
3|Background|129
3|Parcel Service|131
3|Examples|132
3|Discussion and Conclusion|135
3|References|136
2|10: Laundering of Illegal Wild Fauna in Mexico: Case Study of a Pair of Desert Monitors Varanus griseus griseus (Daudin, 1803)|139
3|Introduction|139
3|Background to Laundering|140
3|The Pair of Desert Monitors|142
3|A Green Crime|145
3|Conclusion|146
3|References|147
2|11: Traditional Bird Trader Families: Towards a New Approach|149
3|Introduction|149
3|Main Cause of the Decrease in Bird Populations|150
3|Traditional Bird Trader Families|151
4|Indigenous Rights|151
4|Cultural Tradition|152
4|Community Management|152
3|Threats to the Bird Trade|154
4|Poverty|154
4|Capturing Birds by Non-traditional Methods and Processes|154
4|Radical Changes to Environmental Laws and Lack of Adaptability to These Changes|155
4|Stigmatisation|156
4|Persecuted|156
3|Conclusion|157
3|References|158
2|12: Trafficking of Totoaba Maw|161
3|Introduction|161
3|Background|162
3|Trafficking of Totoaba Maw|164
3|Response|165
4|Stakeholders Involved in the Response|166
5|The Army|166
5|The Federal Police|167
5|Attorney General of Mexico (PGR)|168
5|The Autonomous University of Baja California (UABC)|168
5|The Navy|169
5|PROFEPA|170
3|Organised Crime and Corruption|173
4|Modus Operandi|174
3|Damage|175
3|Faced with This Problem, What Can Be Done?|176
4|Conservation Measures|176
4|Criminal Investigation|177
3|Conclusion|177
3|References|179
1|Part IV: Non-compliance with Environmental Obligations|183
2|13: Request for Reversal or Modification of the Imposed Sanctions According to the General Law of Ecological Equilibrium and Environmental Protection (LGEEPA)|184
3|Introduction|184
3|Background|185
3|Analysis|187
3|Discussion|188
3|Conclusion|190
3|References|190
2|14: When a Mining Company Releases of Copper Sulphate Acid Solution into the Environment|192
3|Introduction|192
3|The Context of Environmental Crime|193
3|Public Information About the Facts|194
4|Release into the Environment|194
4|The Nature of the Activity|194
4|The Activities|195
4|The Substance|195
4|Environmental Damage|197
3|Green Criminology Elements|197
4|General facts|199
4|Mechanics of the Spill|199
4|Environmental Transport and Causal Chain of Damage|201
3|Denial of Facts by the Offender|204
3|Call for Prosecution of the Offence in 201411|206
3|Up to the Present Day|207
3|Conclusion|209
3|References|212
1|Index|215