File #2454: "2018_Book_OmbudsmenAndADR.pdf"
Text
1|Foreword|6
1|Acknowledgements|9
1|Contents|11
1|List of Figures|13
1|List of Tables|14
1|1 Ombudsmen and Informal Justice|15
2|Introduction|15
2|Trusting the Middle-Man: Impact and Legitimacy of Ombudsmen in Europe|18
2|Plan of the Book|19
3|Part 1: Setting the Scene|19
4|Chapter 2: Europe’s Justice Systems|19
4|Chapter 3: Models of Ombudsmen|20
4|Chapter 4: Theorizing Procedural Justice and Legal Consciousness|20
3|Part 2: Empirical Discoveries|21
4|Chapter 5: Expectations and Perceptions of Ombudsmen in a Cross-National Comparison|21
4|Chapter 6: Everyday Assumptions about Ombudsmen|21
3|Part 3: The Future of the Informal Justice System|22
4|Chapter 7: A European Informal Justice System?|22
4|Chapter 8: Growing Informal Justice|22
4|Chapter 9: Paths for Theory and Research|22
1|Part I Setting the Scene|23
1|2 Europe’s Justice Systems|24
2|Introduction|24
2|Europe’s Justice Systems|25
3|Civil and Common Law Traditions|26
4|The Administrative Justice System|27
4|The Civil Justice System|28
3|Informal Justice and ADR|29
3|ADR and the Ombudsman Context|30
3|Access to Justice|33
3|The New Landscape of Civil Justice in Europe|34
3|The Justice System in the UK|36
4|Citizens Advice|38
4|A Nation of Moaners|38
3|The Justice System in Germany|38
4|Verbraucherzentralen (Consumer Advice Centres)|39
4|A Nation of Rules, Organization and Structure|39
2|Conclusion|40
1|3 Models of Ombudsmen|41
2|Introduction|41
3|Types of Ombudsmen|42
2|Harmonization vs Diversity of Setting|44
3|The Development of the Ombudsman Model in the National Context|45
2|Transplanting the Ombudsman Model into the National Legal Space|48
3|The Role of Legal Culture and Cultures of Legality|50
3|The Notion of Legal Culture as Legal Infrastructure|52
3|Legal Culture as Infrastructure and Consciousness|53
2|Country Case Studies: Negotiating Relationships with Authority|54
3|Courts and ADR Bodies: Formal Decisions vs Informal Resolution|56
3|German Case Study|58
3|UK Case Study|60
2|Conclusions|63
1|4 Procedural Justice and Legal Consciousness: Questions of Theory and Method|65
2|Introduction|65
3|The Research Puzzle: How Theory and Method Can Learn to Collaborate|66
2|Discovering Similarities and Differences|69
3|Quantitative Measures|69
3|Qualitative Measures|71
2|Procedural Justice|73
3|Procedural Justice in Different Settings|74
3|Disentangling Perceptions for Empirical Analysis|75
4|Public Trust and Institutional Legitimacy|76
4|Legitimacy as an Empirical Concept|77
4|Trust in (Informal) Justice|78
2|Legal Socialization and Legal Consciousness|79
2|Conclusions|82
1|Part II Empirical Discoveries|83
1|5 Expectations and Perceptions of Ombudsmen in a Cross-National Comparison|84
2|Introduction|84
2|Detecting National Patterns and Cross-National Comparisons|86
3|Analysing Fairness Judgements|87
4|People’s Fairness Perceptions in Germany and the UK|92
3|Motivation to Complain|92
3|Willingness to Accept a Decision|93
4|Culturally Specific Patterns|94
2|Public Sector Ombudsmen in the Administrative Justice System in the UK|97
2|Re-evaluating Relationships through a National Lens|101
2|Conclusions|103
1|6 Everyday Assumptions about Ombudsmen|105
2|Introduction|105
2|Interpreting Cultural Narratives|106
2|Roles and Assumptions about Ombudsmen|108
3|Ombudsman as Interpreter|110
3|Ombudsman as Advocate|111
3|Ombudsman as Ally|113
3|Ombudsman as Instrument|114
3|What Do We Expect of Ombudsmen?|115
2|Revisiting Relationships and National Narratives|117
3|Relationships with Authority|117
3|A German Complainant|120
3|A British Complainant|122
2|Conclusions|125
1|Part III The Future of Informal Justice Systems|126
1|7 A European Informal Justice System?|127
2|Introduction|127
3|A European Approach to Dispute Resolution|127
2|The Role of the EU in Creating an Informal Justice System|131
2|ADR and ODR as a Form of Informal Justice|135
3|Online Dispute Resolution: Digital, On-demand Justice in Cyberspace|137
2|Access to Informal Justice|140
3|Ombudsman Views: What Does the Law Have to Do with It?|141
3|The User Perspective: Is It Fair?|143
2|Conclusions|145
1|8 Growing Informal Justice (from the Inside-Out)|147
2|Introduction|147
2|Out of Law’s Shadow: Can ADR Create Its Own Norms?|148
2|Keeping ADR in Context|150
2|Just ADR: Balancing Process and Outcome|155
2|Beyond a System for People ‘Like Us’|160
2|Conclusions|162
1|9 Conclusion: Paths for Theory and Research|163
2|Experiencing Informal Justice Through a Cultural Lens|163
2|Ombudsman/ADR Design|165
2|Vulnerable Groups|165
2|Challenge of the Digital—Future Research into the New Everyday|167
1|Annex|168
1|Bibliography|176
1|Index|192
1|Acknowledgements|9
1|Contents|11
1|List of Figures|13
1|List of Tables|14
1|1 Ombudsmen and Informal Justice|15
2|Introduction|15
2|Trusting the Middle-Man: Impact and Legitimacy of Ombudsmen in Europe|18
2|Plan of the Book|19
3|Part 1: Setting the Scene|19
4|Chapter 2: Europe’s Justice Systems|19
4|Chapter 3: Models of Ombudsmen|20
4|Chapter 4: Theorizing Procedural Justice and Legal Consciousness|20
3|Part 2: Empirical Discoveries|21
4|Chapter 5: Expectations and Perceptions of Ombudsmen in a Cross-National Comparison|21
4|Chapter 6: Everyday Assumptions about Ombudsmen|21
3|Part 3: The Future of the Informal Justice System|22
4|Chapter 7: A European Informal Justice System?|22
4|Chapter 8: Growing Informal Justice|22
4|Chapter 9: Paths for Theory and Research|22
1|Part I Setting the Scene|23
1|2 Europe’s Justice Systems|24
2|Introduction|24
2|Europe’s Justice Systems|25
3|Civil and Common Law Traditions|26
4|The Administrative Justice System|27
4|The Civil Justice System|28
3|Informal Justice and ADR|29
3|ADR and the Ombudsman Context|30
3|Access to Justice|33
3|The New Landscape of Civil Justice in Europe|34
3|The Justice System in the UK|36
4|Citizens Advice|38
4|A Nation of Moaners|38
3|The Justice System in Germany|38
4|Verbraucherzentralen (Consumer Advice Centres)|39
4|A Nation of Rules, Organization and Structure|39
2|Conclusion|40
1|3 Models of Ombudsmen|41
2|Introduction|41
3|Types of Ombudsmen|42
2|Harmonization vs Diversity of Setting|44
3|The Development of the Ombudsman Model in the National Context|45
2|Transplanting the Ombudsman Model into the National Legal Space|48
3|The Role of Legal Culture and Cultures of Legality|50
3|The Notion of Legal Culture as Legal Infrastructure|52
3|Legal Culture as Infrastructure and Consciousness|53
2|Country Case Studies: Negotiating Relationships with Authority|54
3|Courts and ADR Bodies: Formal Decisions vs Informal Resolution|56
3|German Case Study|58
3|UK Case Study|60
2|Conclusions|63
1|4 Procedural Justice and Legal Consciousness: Questions of Theory and Method|65
2|Introduction|65
3|The Research Puzzle: How Theory and Method Can Learn to Collaborate|66
2|Discovering Similarities and Differences|69
3|Quantitative Measures|69
3|Qualitative Measures|71
2|Procedural Justice|73
3|Procedural Justice in Different Settings|74
3|Disentangling Perceptions for Empirical Analysis|75
4|Public Trust and Institutional Legitimacy|76
4|Legitimacy as an Empirical Concept|77
4|Trust in (Informal) Justice|78
2|Legal Socialization and Legal Consciousness|79
2|Conclusions|82
1|Part II Empirical Discoveries|83
1|5 Expectations and Perceptions of Ombudsmen in a Cross-National Comparison|84
2|Introduction|84
2|Detecting National Patterns and Cross-National Comparisons|86
3|Analysing Fairness Judgements|87
4|People’s Fairness Perceptions in Germany and the UK|92
3|Motivation to Complain|92
3|Willingness to Accept a Decision|93
4|Culturally Specific Patterns|94
2|Public Sector Ombudsmen in the Administrative Justice System in the UK|97
2|Re-evaluating Relationships through a National Lens|101
2|Conclusions|103
1|6 Everyday Assumptions about Ombudsmen|105
2|Introduction|105
2|Interpreting Cultural Narratives|106
2|Roles and Assumptions about Ombudsmen|108
3|Ombudsman as Interpreter|110
3|Ombudsman as Advocate|111
3|Ombudsman as Ally|113
3|Ombudsman as Instrument|114
3|What Do We Expect of Ombudsmen?|115
2|Revisiting Relationships and National Narratives|117
3|Relationships with Authority|117
3|A German Complainant|120
3|A British Complainant|122
2|Conclusions|125
1|Part III The Future of Informal Justice Systems|126
1|7 A European Informal Justice System?|127
2|Introduction|127
3|A European Approach to Dispute Resolution|127
2|The Role of the EU in Creating an Informal Justice System|131
2|ADR and ODR as a Form of Informal Justice|135
3|Online Dispute Resolution: Digital, On-demand Justice in Cyberspace|137
2|Access to Informal Justice|140
3|Ombudsman Views: What Does the Law Have to Do with It?|141
3|The User Perspective: Is It Fair?|143
2|Conclusions|145
1|8 Growing Informal Justice (from the Inside-Out)|147
2|Introduction|147
2|Out of Law’s Shadow: Can ADR Create Its Own Norms?|148
2|Keeping ADR in Context|150
2|Just ADR: Balancing Process and Outcome|155
2|Beyond a System for People ‘Like Us’|160
2|Conclusions|162
1|9 Conclusion: Paths for Theory and Research|163
2|Experiencing Informal Justice Through a Cultural Lens|163
2|Ombudsman/ADR Design|165
2|Vulnerable Groups|165
2|Challenge of the Digital—Future Research into the New Everyday|167
1|Annex|168
1|Bibliography|176
1|Index|192