File #2488: "2018_Book_InternalMigrationCrimeAndPunis.pdf"
Text
1|Acknowledgements|6
1|Contents|8
1|List of Charts and Tables|11
1|About the Author|12
1|Chapter 1: Introduction|13
2|Contextual Background of the Study|13
2|Aims of the Study and Methodology|17
3|Research Method and Data|18
3|Limitations of the Research|19
2|Contents and the Organisation of the Book|20
2|References|22
1|Chapter 2: Social Identity of Migrant Offenders|26
2|Introduction|26
2|Hukou, the Rural-Urban Divide, Inequality and Social Exclusion|27
2|Socio-demographic Profile of Rural Migrant Offenders|29
2|Migrant Offenders’ Account of ‘Push’ and ‘Pull’ Factors to Rural-to-Urban Migration|33
3|Major Push Factors|34
3|The Pull Factors|35
2|Rural Migrant Offenders’ Life Conditions in the City|36
3|Social Biases, Prejudices and Discrimination|36
3|Living as Rural Migrants in the City|38
3|Working and Making Money in the City|39
3|Self-Reflection of Rural Migrant Offenders: ‘We lost already at the starting line’|42
2|Conclusion|44
2|References|45
1|Chapter 3: Criminal Acting of Rural Migrants|49
2|Introduction|49
2|Crimes Involving Rural Migrants: The Empirical Data|50
2|Migrant ‘Gangsters’: Rural Migrants’ Involvement in Gangs|53
3|Definitional Issue of Gangs and ‘the Gang’ in the Context of Migrant Offending in China|53
3|Profile of Migrant Gangsters|54
3|Gang Life of Rural Migrant Youths|56
4|Money-Making Activities of Migrant Gangs|57
4|Violence and Risk–Taking|58
4|Identity of Migrant Gangs and the Relationships in the Gang Setting|59
3|Rural Migrants’ Account of Gang Participation|61
2|Rural Migrants Who Are Drug Offenders|63
3|Drug Law in China, the Harm Principle and the Notion of Social Supply of Drugs|64
3|Drug Use and Drug–Related Offences Involving Rural Migrant Workers|67
4|Drug Use and ‘Providing Shelter to Others for Drug Taking’|69
4|Drug Dealing|71
2|Rural Migrants Who Engage in Fraud|73
3|The Concept of Fraud|74
3|Definition of Fraud and Fraud Law in China|75
3|Profile of ‘Migrant Fraudsters’|77
3|The Nature of Frauds Involving Rural Migrant Offenders|79
4|The Criminal Firms Engaging in Fraud|80
4|Partnerships in Fraud|81
3|Motivations of Rural Migrants for Participation in Fraud|83
3|Self–Reflection of Migrant Fraudsters|85
2|Conclusion|86
2|References|87
1|Chapter 4: Female Rural Migrants and Criminality|94
2|Introduction|94
2|Migrant Women Who Are Lawbreakers in Urban China|96
2|Case Study 1: Rural Migrant Women Who Participate in Illegal Pyramid Selling|100
3|The Nature of Pyramid Schemes and Chinese Law Concerning Illegal Pyramid Selling|100
3|Rural Migrant Women’s Paths to Illegal Pyramid Selling and Their Motives|102
3|Women’s Role in the Illicit Business|104
3|Gains and Losses of Migrant Women in Illegal Pyramid Selling|105
2|Case Study 2: Migrant Women Who Are Involved in Sex Work-Related Offences|106
3|Gendered Conditions of Rural Migrant Women Who Are Perpetrators in the Sex Trade|107
3|Rural Migrant Women’s Entry into the Illicit Trade and the Roles They Play|109
2|Discussion and Conclusion|111
2|References|114
1|Chapter 5: Punishing Rural Migrant Offenders|118
2|Introduction|118
2|Rural Migrant Offenders’ Perception of Interpersonal Treatment in Criminal Justice|119
3|The Police: Investigators and Custody Officers|121
3|The Procuratorate and the Courts|123
2|Legal Representation for Rural Migrant Offenders|125
2|Law and Law in Action that May Discriminate Rural Migrants in Criminal Justice|129
2|Conclusion|135
2|References|136
1|Chapter 6: Conclusion|140
2|Highlights of the Book’s Findings|141
2|Implications of the Study|145
2|References|147
1|Index|150
1|Contents|8
1|List of Charts and Tables|11
1|About the Author|12
1|Chapter 1: Introduction|13
2|Contextual Background of the Study|13
2|Aims of the Study and Methodology|17
3|Research Method and Data|18
3|Limitations of the Research|19
2|Contents and the Organisation of the Book|20
2|References|22
1|Chapter 2: Social Identity of Migrant Offenders|26
2|Introduction|26
2|Hukou, the Rural-Urban Divide, Inequality and Social Exclusion|27
2|Socio-demographic Profile of Rural Migrant Offenders|29
2|Migrant Offenders’ Account of ‘Push’ and ‘Pull’ Factors to Rural-to-Urban Migration|33
3|Major Push Factors|34
3|The Pull Factors|35
2|Rural Migrant Offenders’ Life Conditions in the City|36
3|Social Biases, Prejudices and Discrimination|36
3|Living as Rural Migrants in the City|38
3|Working and Making Money in the City|39
3|Self-Reflection of Rural Migrant Offenders: ‘We lost already at the starting line’|42
2|Conclusion|44
2|References|45
1|Chapter 3: Criminal Acting of Rural Migrants|49
2|Introduction|49
2|Crimes Involving Rural Migrants: The Empirical Data|50
2|Migrant ‘Gangsters’: Rural Migrants’ Involvement in Gangs|53
3|Definitional Issue of Gangs and ‘the Gang’ in the Context of Migrant Offending in China|53
3|Profile of Migrant Gangsters|54
3|Gang Life of Rural Migrant Youths|56
4|Money-Making Activities of Migrant Gangs|57
4|Violence and Risk–Taking|58
4|Identity of Migrant Gangs and the Relationships in the Gang Setting|59
3|Rural Migrants’ Account of Gang Participation|61
2|Rural Migrants Who Are Drug Offenders|63
3|Drug Law in China, the Harm Principle and the Notion of Social Supply of Drugs|64
3|Drug Use and Drug–Related Offences Involving Rural Migrant Workers|67
4|Drug Use and ‘Providing Shelter to Others for Drug Taking’|69
4|Drug Dealing|71
2|Rural Migrants Who Engage in Fraud|73
3|The Concept of Fraud|74
3|Definition of Fraud and Fraud Law in China|75
3|Profile of ‘Migrant Fraudsters’|77
3|The Nature of Frauds Involving Rural Migrant Offenders|79
4|The Criminal Firms Engaging in Fraud|80
4|Partnerships in Fraud|81
3|Motivations of Rural Migrants for Participation in Fraud|83
3|Self–Reflection of Migrant Fraudsters|85
2|Conclusion|86
2|References|87
1|Chapter 4: Female Rural Migrants and Criminality|94
2|Introduction|94
2|Migrant Women Who Are Lawbreakers in Urban China|96
2|Case Study 1: Rural Migrant Women Who Participate in Illegal Pyramid Selling|100
3|The Nature of Pyramid Schemes and Chinese Law Concerning Illegal Pyramid Selling|100
3|Rural Migrant Women’s Paths to Illegal Pyramid Selling and Their Motives|102
3|Women’s Role in the Illicit Business|104
3|Gains and Losses of Migrant Women in Illegal Pyramid Selling|105
2|Case Study 2: Migrant Women Who Are Involved in Sex Work-Related Offences|106
3|Gendered Conditions of Rural Migrant Women Who Are Perpetrators in the Sex Trade|107
3|Rural Migrant Women’s Entry into the Illicit Trade and the Roles They Play|109
2|Discussion and Conclusion|111
2|References|114
1|Chapter 5: Punishing Rural Migrant Offenders|118
2|Introduction|118
2|Rural Migrant Offenders’ Perception of Interpersonal Treatment in Criminal Justice|119
3|The Police: Investigators and Custody Officers|121
3|The Procuratorate and the Courts|123
2|Legal Representation for Rural Migrant Offenders|125
2|Law and Law in Action that May Discriminate Rural Migrants in Criminal Justice|129
2|Conclusion|135
2|References|136
1|Chapter 6: Conclusion|140
2|Highlights of the Book’s Findings|141
2|Implications of the Study|145
2|References|147
1|Index|150