File #2531: "2018_Book_TheEEAAgreementInARevisedEUFra.pdf"
Text
1|Preface|6
1|Acknowledgements|8
1|Contents|9
1|Chapter 1: Introduction|16
2|1.1 Aim and Research Question|16
2|1.2 The Economic Aim of Creating the Internal Market and Welfare Services|20
2|1.3 Moving from Economic Community to Union: Significance for State Welfare Services Provision|22
2|1.4 The EEA Agreement|24
3|1.4.1 Scope and Limits to the Dynamic Nature|24
3|1.4.2 Homogeneity as a Fundamental (Constitutional) Principle of the EEA|26
3|1.4.3 Law on Treaties: National Legal Autonomy|28
2|1.5 The EU Based on New Aims and Values: An Overview of Primary Law Changes After the Signing of the EEA Agreement 1 May 1992|29
3|1.5.1 The Treaty of Maastricht|29
3|1.5.2 The Treaty of Amsterdam|30
3|1.5.3 The Treaty of Nice|31
3|1.5.4 The Treaty of Lisbon|31
2|1.6 Relevance, Identifying and Contributing to Closing the Knowledge Gap|33
2|1.7 Scope and Limitations|34
2|1.8 Materials, Methodology and Terminology|37
2|1.9 Parts and Chapters|38
2|References|41
3|Miscellaneous|43
1|Part I: The EEA Integration Process and Free Movement of Services: Patients’ and Students’ Mobility in Publicly Financed Systems of Healthcare and Education|44
2|Chapter 2: Free Movement of Services and Article 56 TFEU and Article 36 EEA|45
3|2.1 Aim and Background|45
3|2.2 Organisational Choices|47
3|2.3 The Sensitive Character of (Largely) Publicly Financed Health and Educational Systems|49
4|2.3.1 Closed-in Solidaristic Systems of Providing Healthcare and Educational Services|49
4|2.3.2 Market Elements in Healthcare and Educational Systems|50
3|2.4 Structure|51
3|References|52
2|Chapter 3: The Provision of Healthcare Services: Free Movement Rights for Patients|54
3|3.1 The EU Legal Order|54
4|3.1.1 The Case Law from the CJEU on Healthcare Services|54
4|3.1.2 Primary and Secondary Law in the EU Legal Order in the Field of Public Healthcare Services|58
5|The Citizens Directive 2004/38|59
5|The Coordination Regime for Social Security Benefits and Free Movement of Services|59
3|3.2 The EEA Legal Order: Including Publicly Funded Patient Mobility in the EEA—Cases E-11/07 and E-1/08 and Case No 72376|63
4|3.2.1 Introduction|63
4|3.2.2 EFTA Court: The Facts of the Two Cases|64
4|3.2.3 The Opinion of the EFTA Court in Cases E-11/07 and E-1/08|65
4|3.2.4 The EFTA Surveillance Authority: Case No 72376|67
3|References|70
4|Miscellaneous|70
2|Chapter 4: The Provision of Educational Services: Free Movement Rights for Students|71
3|4.1 Introduction|71
4|4.1.1 Financing Education: Member States Competence|71
4|4.1.2 Methodology: The Interaction Between Primary and Secondary EU Law|72
4|4.1.3 Structure|74
3|4.2 The EU Legal Order|74
4|4.2.1 Primary and Secondary Law in the EU Legal Order in the Field of Education|74
5|Access to Financial Assistance in the Case of the Economically Active Citizen|74
5|Access to Financial Assistance in the Case of the Non-economically Active Citizen|75
4|4.2.2 The Case Law from the CJEU on Educational Services|78
3|4.3 The EEA Legal Order|87
4|4.3.1 The EFTA Surveillance Authority and Access to Financial Assistance from the Norwegian State Educational Loan Fund: Case No 69199|87
4|4.3.2 The EFTA Surveillance Authority and Access to Financial Assistance from the Norwegian State Educational Loan Fund: Case No 71579|90
3|References|93
2|Chapter 5: Some Reflections on the EEA Integration Process Extending Into Healthcare and Educational Services Publicly Financed and Mostly Delivered Through Benefits in Kind|94
3|Reference|97
1|Part II: The EEA Integration Process and Union Citizenship: Social Welfare Rights for Non-economically Active Moving EEA Citizens|98
2|Chapter 6: Free Movement of Persons and Articles 45, 48 and 21 TFEU and Articles 28 and 29 EEA|99
3|6.1 Aim and Background|99
3|6.2 Organisational Choices: The Interaction Between Primary and Secondary EU Law|102
3|6.3 Social Rights in the EEA Agreement|104
4|6.3.1 Main Part of the EEA Agreement|104
4|6.3.2 Incorporating the Citizens Directive in the EEA Agreement, Decision No 158/2007 by the EEA Committee|106
4|6.3.3 Incorporating the Coordination Regime of Social Security Benefits in the EEA Agreement|108
3|6.4 Structure|111
3|References|112
4|Miscellaneous|112
2|Chapter 7: The EU Integration Process and the Right to Free Movement, Residence and Equal Treatment for Union Citizens|113
3|7.1 Introducing the Concept of Union Citizenship in the EU Legal Order|113
3|7.2 Limitations on the Free Movement, Residence and Equal Treatment Rights in Secondary Legislation|116
4|7.2.1 Limitations on a General Right to Free Movement, Residence and Equal Treatment: The Citizens Directive|116
4|7.2.2 Limitations on the Application of the Coordination Regime of Social Security Benefits|120
3|7.3 Challenging Boundaries in the Secondary Legislation Based on the Treaty Provisions on Union Citizenship|122
4|7.3.1 Introduction|122
4|7.3.2 Union Citizens’ Rights Against Their Host State|123
4|7.3.3 Union Citizens’ Rights Against Their Home State|125
4|7.3.4 Union Citizenship Changing the Methodology of the CJEU’s Scrutiny of National Measures|126
3|7.4 Concluding Observations|128
3|References|130
2|Chapter 8: Case Law from the EFTA Court and Decisional Practice of the EFTA Surveillance Authority on the Right to Free Movement, Residence and Equal Treatment Under the Citizens Directive|132
3|8.1 Introduction|132
3|8.2 Rights Against the Host State: Case E-4/11 Clauder|133
4|8.2.1 Introduction|133
4|8.2.2 The Facts|133
4|8.2.3 The Legal Question|133
4|8.2.4 The Advisory Opinion by the EFTA Court|136
4|8.2.5 The Right to Family Reunification in the EU Legal Order|138
4|8.2.6 The Situation of Reverse Discrimination and the Existence of a General Fundamental Right|140
4|8.2.7 The Citizens Directive Upholds the Distinction Between Economically Active and Non-Economically Active Persons|143
4|8.2.8 Concluding Observations|145
4|8.2.9 The Clauder Case in the EU Legal Order|145
5|EU Law (Without an EEA Law Dimension) in the EU Legal Order|145
5|EEA Law in the EU Legal Order|146
3|8.3 Rights Against the Home State: Cases E-26/13 Gunnarsson, E-28/15 Jabbi|147
4|8.3.1 Introduction|147
4|8.3.2 Union Citizens’ Rights Against the Home State in the EU Legal Order|147
4|8.3.3 The Gunnarsson Case|151
5|The Facts|151
5|The Advisory Opinion of the EFTA Court|151
4|8.3.4 The Jabbi Case|152
5|The Facts|152
5|The Advisory Opinion of the EFTA Court|153
4|8.3.5 Implications of the Gunnarsson and Jabbi Cases in the EEA Legal Order|154
4|8.3.6 Implications of the Gunnarsson and Jabbi Cases in the EU Legal Order|156
5|Introduction|156
5|Reciprocity: The Same Legal Rights and Obligations in the Whole of the EEA|157
5|The Right to Move and Reside Freely Within ‘the Territory of the Member States’: The Cross-Border Element|158
4|8.3.7 Concluding Observations|161
3|8.4 Decisional Practice of the EFTA Surveillance Authority: Case No 73930|162
3|References|164
4|Miscellaneous|164
2|Chapter 9: Case Law from the EFTA Court and Decisional Practice of the EFTA Surveillance Authority on the Right to Free Movement, Residence and Equal Treatment Under the Coordination Regime for Social Security Benefits|165
3|9.1 Introduction|165
3|9.2 Case E-5/06 EFTA Surveillance Authority v. the Principality of Liechtenstein|166
4|9.2.1 The Coordination of Social Security Schemes|166
4|9.2.2 The Non-contributory Benefit in the Form of a Helplessness Allowance|168
4|9.2.3 The Parties to the Case: The Principal Question|168
4|9.2.4 The Background for the Case: The Case Law of the CJEU|169
4|9.2.5 The Listing of the Helpless Allowance by Liechtenstein|170
4|9.2.6 The View of the EFTA Court|171
4|9.2.7 Concluding Observations|173
3|9.3 Case E-4/07 Jon Gunnar Porkelsson v Gildi Pension Fund|174
4|9.3.1 The Facts of the Case and the Legal Dispute|174
4|9.3.2 No Obstacle to the Free Movement of Workers: Article 28 EEA|175
4|9.3.3 Exporting Benefits to a Non-economically Active Person|178
4|9.3.4 The View of the EFTA Court|180
3|9.4 Case E-3/12 Jonsson: The Special Character of Unemployment Benefits|182
4|9.4.1 Introduction|182
4|9.4.2 Export of Unemployment Benefits, the Coordination Regime|183
4|9.4.3 Case Law from the CJEU on Exporting Unemployment Benefits and Union Citizenship|184
4|9.4.4 The Facts of the Jonsson Case|186
4|9.4.5 National Law|187
4|9.4.6 The Advisory Opinion of the EFTA Court|188
3|9.5 Case E-6/12 Exporting Child Benefits|189
4|9.5.1 Introduction|189
4|9.5.2 Case Law from the CJEU on Exporting Youth Benefits and Union Citizenship|190
4|9.5.3 The Facts of the Child Support Case|193
4|9.5.4 The Legal Question in the Case: National Law and EEA Law|193
4|9.5.5 The Decision of the EFTA Court|195
3|9.6 Decisional Practice of the EFTA Surveillance Authority: Cases No 65876 and No 65875|197
3|References|198
2|Chapter 10: Some Reflections on the EEA Integration Process Extending into the System of Social Welfare Benefits for Non-economically Active Moving EEA Citizens|199
3|Reference|201
1|Part III: The EEA Integration Process and the Financing of Public Services: Applying State Aid Rules to Welfare Services|202
2|Chapter 11: State Aid Law and Articles 14, 106 and 107 TFEU and Articles 59 and 61 EEA|203
3|11.1 Aim and Background|203
3|11.2 Organisational Choices: Public Services and the Economic/Non-Economic Divide|206
3|11.3 Public Services in the EU Legal Order: Models of Welfare Integration|210
3|11.4 The Changed Constitutional Framework for Public Services in the EU Integration Process|213
4|11.4.1 Setting the Scene: Articles 106 and 107 TFEU (Articles 59 and 61 EEA)|213
4|11.4.2 Changing the Recognition of the Value and Special Role of SGEI and SGI: Article 14 TFEU, Article 36 Charter of Fundamental Rights, Protocol 26 TFEU|215
3|11.5 Structure|219
3|References|221
2|Chapter 12: Legal Tools to Protect State Welfare Services from EU/EEA Competition and State Aid Law|223
3|12.1 Introduction|223
3|12.2 Case Law from the CJEU on the Non-Applicability of EU Rules: Undertaking/Economic Activity|224
3|12.3 Case Law from the EFTA Court on the Distinction Between Economic and Non-Economic Activities and the Concept of an Undertaking|227
4|12.3.1 Case E-8/00 LO|227
4|12.3.2 Case E-5/07 Private Barnehagers Landsforbund (PBL)|231
3|12.4 Case Law from the CJEU Delimiting the Commission’s State Aid Competence in Case of Compensation: The Altmark Doctrine|240
3|12.5 Case Law from the EFTA Court Paralleling the Altmark-Doctrine|244
3|References|245
2|Chapter 13: The Exercise of State Aid Competence by the Commission and the EFTA Surveillance Authority in the Sectors of Largely Non-economic Welfare Services|246
3|13.1 Introduction|246
3|13.2 The Special Character of the Provision of Public Service Broadcasting|248
3|13.3 Creating a Broadcasting Market: The Non-profit Provision of Public Service Broadcasting|253
3|13.4 The Legal Framework for the Provision of Public Service Broadcasting|256
3|13.5 The European Commission’s Decisional Practice|258
3|13.6 The EFTA Surveillance Authority’s Decisional Practice|259
4|13.6.1 General Guidelines|259
4|13.6.2 Individual Decisions|264
3|13.7 Concluding Observations|266
3|References|267
4|Miscellaneous|267
2|Chapter 14: Some Reflections on the EEA Integration Process Extending Deeper Into the Financing of Public Services and Limiting States’ Legislative Freedom Through State Aid Rules|268
2|Chapter 15: Final Observations: Concluding Remarks|269
3|15.1 Introduction|269
3|15.2 Findings|270
4|15.2.1 Introduction|270
4|15.2.2 The Sequences of Events: Applying the Free Movement of Services Provision|271
4|15.2.3 Identified Legal Techniques|274
3|15.3 Reflections: Implications—Future Research|276
3|References|279
1|Table of Case Law|280
2|EFTA Court|280
2|Court of Justice of the European Union|282
2|General Court|285
2|Opinions of Advocate Generals|285
2|Written Observations and Court Reports EFTA Court Litigation (On File with the Author)|286
3|E-28/15|286
3|E-26/13|286
3|E-6/12|286
3|E-3/12|287
3|E-4/11|287
3|E-11/07 and 1/08|287
3|E-5/07|287
3|E-4/07, Documents Made Public by the EFTA Court 20 June 2014|288
3|E-5/06, Documents Made Public by the EFTA Court 20 June 2014|288
2|ESA and Government Correspondence in Administrative Cases (On File with the Author)|288
3|Cases in the Sector of Education/Student Funding|288
3|Cases in the Sector of Social Housing|289
3|Cases in the Sector of Patient Mobility and Healthcare|289
3|Cases in the Sector of Immigration Law/Family Reunification/Non-economically Active Returning Nationals|290
3|Cases in the Broadcasting Sector|290
3|Case in the Transport Sector|290
3|Cases in the Childcare Sector/Export of Child Benefits|291
2|European Commission Administrative Decisions/Communications|291
2|Miscellaneous|291
1|Bibliography|292
1|Miscellaneous|292
1|Acknowledgements|8
1|Contents|9
1|Chapter 1: Introduction|16
2|1.1 Aim and Research Question|16
2|1.2 The Economic Aim of Creating the Internal Market and Welfare Services|20
2|1.3 Moving from Economic Community to Union: Significance for State Welfare Services Provision|22
2|1.4 The EEA Agreement|24
3|1.4.1 Scope and Limits to the Dynamic Nature|24
3|1.4.2 Homogeneity as a Fundamental (Constitutional) Principle of the EEA|26
3|1.4.3 Law on Treaties: National Legal Autonomy|28
2|1.5 The EU Based on New Aims and Values: An Overview of Primary Law Changes After the Signing of the EEA Agreement 1 May 1992|29
3|1.5.1 The Treaty of Maastricht|29
3|1.5.2 The Treaty of Amsterdam|30
3|1.5.3 The Treaty of Nice|31
3|1.5.4 The Treaty of Lisbon|31
2|1.6 Relevance, Identifying and Contributing to Closing the Knowledge Gap|33
2|1.7 Scope and Limitations|34
2|1.8 Materials, Methodology and Terminology|37
2|1.9 Parts and Chapters|38
2|References|41
3|Miscellaneous|43
1|Part I: The EEA Integration Process and Free Movement of Services: Patients’ and Students’ Mobility in Publicly Financed Systems of Healthcare and Education|44
2|Chapter 2: Free Movement of Services and Article 56 TFEU and Article 36 EEA|45
3|2.1 Aim and Background|45
3|2.2 Organisational Choices|47
3|2.3 The Sensitive Character of (Largely) Publicly Financed Health and Educational Systems|49
4|2.3.1 Closed-in Solidaristic Systems of Providing Healthcare and Educational Services|49
4|2.3.2 Market Elements in Healthcare and Educational Systems|50
3|2.4 Structure|51
3|References|52
2|Chapter 3: The Provision of Healthcare Services: Free Movement Rights for Patients|54
3|3.1 The EU Legal Order|54
4|3.1.1 The Case Law from the CJEU on Healthcare Services|54
4|3.1.2 Primary and Secondary Law in the EU Legal Order in the Field of Public Healthcare Services|58
5|The Citizens Directive 2004/38|59
5|The Coordination Regime for Social Security Benefits and Free Movement of Services|59
3|3.2 The EEA Legal Order: Including Publicly Funded Patient Mobility in the EEA—Cases E-11/07 and E-1/08 and Case No 72376|63
4|3.2.1 Introduction|63
4|3.2.2 EFTA Court: The Facts of the Two Cases|64
4|3.2.3 The Opinion of the EFTA Court in Cases E-11/07 and E-1/08|65
4|3.2.4 The EFTA Surveillance Authority: Case No 72376|67
3|References|70
4|Miscellaneous|70
2|Chapter 4: The Provision of Educational Services: Free Movement Rights for Students|71
3|4.1 Introduction|71
4|4.1.1 Financing Education: Member States Competence|71
4|4.1.2 Methodology: The Interaction Between Primary and Secondary EU Law|72
4|4.1.3 Structure|74
3|4.2 The EU Legal Order|74
4|4.2.1 Primary and Secondary Law in the EU Legal Order in the Field of Education|74
5|Access to Financial Assistance in the Case of the Economically Active Citizen|74
5|Access to Financial Assistance in the Case of the Non-economically Active Citizen|75
4|4.2.2 The Case Law from the CJEU on Educational Services|78
3|4.3 The EEA Legal Order|87
4|4.3.1 The EFTA Surveillance Authority and Access to Financial Assistance from the Norwegian State Educational Loan Fund: Case No 69199|87
4|4.3.2 The EFTA Surveillance Authority and Access to Financial Assistance from the Norwegian State Educational Loan Fund: Case No 71579|90
3|References|93
2|Chapter 5: Some Reflections on the EEA Integration Process Extending Into Healthcare and Educational Services Publicly Financed and Mostly Delivered Through Benefits in Kind|94
3|Reference|97
1|Part II: The EEA Integration Process and Union Citizenship: Social Welfare Rights for Non-economically Active Moving EEA Citizens|98
2|Chapter 6: Free Movement of Persons and Articles 45, 48 and 21 TFEU and Articles 28 and 29 EEA|99
3|6.1 Aim and Background|99
3|6.2 Organisational Choices: The Interaction Between Primary and Secondary EU Law|102
3|6.3 Social Rights in the EEA Agreement|104
4|6.3.1 Main Part of the EEA Agreement|104
4|6.3.2 Incorporating the Citizens Directive in the EEA Agreement, Decision No 158/2007 by the EEA Committee|106
4|6.3.3 Incorporating the Coordination Regime of Social Security Benefits in the EEA Agreement|108
3|6.4 Structure|111
3|References|112
4|Miscellaneous|112
2|Chapter 7: The EU Integration Process and the Right to Free Movement, Residence and Equal Treatment for Union Citizens|113
3|7.1 Introducing the Concept of Union Citizenship in the EU Legal Order|113
3|7.2 Limitations on the Free Movement, Residence and Equal Treatment Rights in Secondary Legislation|116
4|7.2.1 Limitations on a General Right to Free Movement, Residence and Equal Treatment: The Citizens Directive|116
4|7.2.2 Limitations on the Application of the Coordination Regime of Social Security Benefits|120
3|7.3 Challenging Boundaries in the Secondary Legislation Based on the Treaty Provisions on Union Citizenship|122
4|7.3.1 Introduction|122
4|7.3.2 Union Citizens’ Rights Against Their Host State|123
4|7.3.3 Union Citizens’ Rights Against Their Home State|125
4|7.3.4 Union Citizenship Changing the Methodology of the CJEU’s Scrutiny of National Measures|126
3|7.4 Concluding Observations|128
3|References|130
2|Chapter 8: Case Law from the EFTA Court and Decisional Practice of the EFTA Surveillance Authority on the Right to Free Movement, Residence and Equal Treatment Under the Citizens Directive|132
3|8.1 Introduction|132
3|8.2 Rights Against the Host State: Case E-4/11 Clauder|133
4|8.2.1 Introduction|133
4|8.2.2 The Facts|133
4|8.2.3 The Legal Question|133
4|8.2.4 The Advisory Opinion by the EFTA Court|136
4|8.2.5 The Right to Family Reunification in the EU Legal Order|138
4|8.2.6 The Situation of Reverse Discrimination and the Existence of a General Fundamental Right|140
4|8.2.7 The Citizens Directive Upholds the Distinction Between Economically Active and Non-Economically Active Persons|143
4|8.2.8 Concluding Observations|145
4|8.2.9 The Clauder Case in the EU Legal Order|145
5|EU Law (Without an EEA Law Dimension) in the EU Legal Order|145
5|EEA Law in the EU Legal Order|146
3|8.3 Rights Against the Home State: Cases E-26/13 Gunnarsson, E-28/15 Jabbi|147
4|8.3.1 Introduction|147
4|8.3.2 Union Citizens’ Rights Against the Home State in the EU Legal Order|147
4|8.3.3 The Gunnarsson Case|151
5|The Facts|151
5|The Advisory Opinion of the EFTA Court|151
4|8.3.4 The Jabbi Case|152
5|The Facts|152
5|The Advisory Opinion of the EFTA Court|153
4|8.3.5 Implications of the Gunnarsson and Jabbi Cases in the EEA Legal Order|154
4|8.3.6 Implications of the Gunnarsson and Jabbi Cases in the EU Legal Order|156
5|Introduction|156
5|Reciprocity: The Same Legal Rights and Obligations in the Whole of the EEA|157
5|The Right to Move and Reside Freely Within ‘the Territory of the Member States’: The Cross-Border Element|158
4|8.3.7 Concluding Observations|161
3|8.4 Decisional Practice of the EFTA Surveillance Authority: Case No 73930|162
3|References|164
4|Miscellaneous|164
2|Chapter 9: Case Law from the EFTA Court and Decisional Practice of the EFTA Surveillance Authority on the Right to Free Movement, Residence and Equal Treatment Under the Coordination Regime for Social Security Benefits|165
3|9.1 Introduction|165
3|9.2 Case E-5/06 EFTA Surveillance Authority v. the Principality of Liechtenstein|166
4|9.2.1 The Coordination of Social Security Schemes|166
4|9.2.2 The Non-contributory Benefit in the Form of a Helplessness Allowance|168
4|9.2.3 The Parties to the Case: The Principal Question|168
4|9.2.4 The Background for the Case: The Case Law of the CJEU|169
4|9.2.5 The Listing of the Helpless Allowance by Liechtenstein|170
4|9.2.6 The View of the EFTA Court|171
4|9.2.7 Concluding Observations|173
3|9.3 Case E-4/07 Jon Gunnar Porkelsson v Gildi Pension Fund|174
4|9.3.1 The Facts of the Case and the Legal Dispute|174
4|9.3.2 No Obstacle to the Free Movement of Workers: Article 28 EEA|175
4|9.3.3 Exporting Benefits to a Non-economically Active Person|178
4|9.3.4 The View of the EFTA Court|180
3|9.4 Case E-3/12 Jonsson: The Special Character of Unemployment Benefits|182
4|9.4.1 Introduction|182
4|9.4.2 Export of Unemployment Benefits, the Coordination Regime|183
4|9.4.3 Case Law from the CJEU on Exporting Unemployment Benefits and Union Citizenship|184
4|9.4.4 The Facts of the Jonsson Case|186
4|9.4.5 National Law|187
4|9.4.6 The Advisory Opinion of the EFTA Court|188
3|9.5 Case E-6/12 Exporting Child Benefits|189
4|9.5.1 Introduction|189
4|9.5.2 Case Law from the CJEU on Exporting Youth Benefits and Union Citizenship|190
4|9.5.3 The Facts of the Child Support Case|193
4|9.5.4 The Legal Question in the Case: National Law and EEA Law|193
4|9.5.5 The Decision of the EFTA Court|195
3|9.6 Decisional Practice of the EFTA Surveillance Authority: Cases No 65876 and No 65875|197
3|References|198
2|Chapter 10: Some Reflections on the EEA Integration Process Extending into the System of Social Welfare Benefits for Non-economically Active Moving EEA Citizens|199
3|Reference|201
1|Part III: The EEA Integration Process and the Financing of Public Services: Applying State Aid Rules to Welfare Services|202
2|Chapter 11: State Aid Law and Articles 14, 106 and 107 TFEU and Articles 59 and 61 EEA|203
3|11.1 Aim and Background|203
3|11.2 Organisational Choices: Public Services and the Economic/Non-Economic Divide|206
3|11.3 Public Services in the EU Legal Order: Models of Welfare Integration|210
3|11.4 The Changed Constitutional Framework for Public Services in the EU Integration Process|213
4|11.4.1 Setting the Scene: Articles 106 and 107 TFEU (Articles 59 and 61 EEA)|213
4|11.4.2 Changing the Recognition of the Value and Special Role of SGEI and SGI: Article 14 TFEU, Article 36 Charter of Fundamental Rights, Protocol 26 TFEU|215
3|11.5 Structure|219
3|References|221
2|Chapter 12: Legal Tools to Protect State Welfare Services from EU/EEA Competition and State Aid Law|223
3|12.1 Introduction|223
3|12.2 Case Law from the CJEU on the Non-Applicability of EU Rules: Undertaking/Economic Activity|224
3|12.3 Case Law from the EFTA Court on the Distinction Between Economic and Non-Economic Activities and the Concept of an Undertaking|227
4|12.3.1 Case E-8/00 LO|227
4|12.3.2 Case E-5/07 Private Barnehagers Landsforbund (PBL)|231
3|12.4 Case Law from the CJEU Delimiting the Commission’s State Aid Competence in Case of Compensation: The Altmark Doctrine|240
3|12.5 Case Law from the EFTA Court Paralleling the Altmark-Doctrine|244
3|References|245
2|Chapter 13: The Exercise of State Aid Competence by the Commission and the EFTA Surveillance Authority in the Sectors of Largely Non-economic Welfare Services|246
3|13.1 Introduction|246
3|13.2 The Special Character of the Provision of Public Service Broadcasting|248
3|13.3 Creating a Broadcasting Market: The Non-profit Provision of Public Service Broadcasting|253
3|13.4 The Legal Framework for the Provision of Public Service Broadcasting|256
3|13.5 The European Commission’s Decisional Practice|258
3|13.6 The EFTA Surveillance Authority’s Decisional Practice|259
4|13.6.1 General Guidelines|259
4|13.6.2 Individual Decisions|264
3|13.7 Concluding Observations|266
3|References|267
4|Miscellaneous|267
2|Chapter 14: Some Reflections on the EEA Integration Process Extending Deeper Into the Financing of Public Services and Limiting States’ Legislative Freedom Through State Aid Rules|268
2|Chapter 15: Final Observations: Concluding Remarks|269
3|15.1 Introduction|269
3|15.2 Findings|270
4|15.2.1 Introduction|270
4|15.2.2 The Sequences of Events: Applying the Free Movement of Services Provision|271
4|15.2.3 Identified Legal Techniques|274
3|15.3 Reflections: Implications—Future Research|276
3|References|279
1|Table of Case Law|280
2|EFTA Court|280
2|Court of Justice of the European Union|282
2|General Court|285
2|Opinions of Advocate Generals|285
2|Written Observations and Court Reports EFTA Court Litigation (On File with the Author)|286
3|E-28/15|286
3|E-26/13|286
3|E-6/12|286
3|E-3/12|287
3|E-4/11|287
3|E-11/07 and 1/08|287
3|E-5/07|287
3|E-4/07, Documents Made Public by the EFTA Court 20 June 2014|288
3|E-5/06, Documents Made Public by the EFTA Court 20 June 2014|288
2|ESA and Government Correspondence in Administrative Cases (On File with the Author)|288
3|Cases in the Sector of Education/Student Funding|288
3|Cases in the Sector of Social Housing|289
3|Cases in the Sector of Patient Mobility and Healthcare|289
3|Cases in the Sector of Immigration Law/Family Reunification/Non-economically Active Returning Nationals|290
3|Cases in the Broadcasting Sector|290
3|Case in the Transport Sector|290
3|Cases in the Childcare Sector/Export of Child Benefits|291
2|European Commission Administrative Decisions/Communications|291
2|Miscellaneous|291
1|Bibliography|292
1|Miscellaneous|292