File #2546: "2019_Book_EUCriminalJustice.pdf"
Text
1|Preface|5
1|Contents|6
1|List of Contributors|11
1|Part I: Rights and Guarantees of Suspects and Defendants in Criminal Proceedings: The EU Directives and Their Impact on Nation...|12
2|Fair Trial Rights in the European Union: Reconciling Accused and Victims´ Rights|13
3|1 Introduction|13
3|2 Harmonisation of Criminal Procedure in the European Union|14
3|3 Defence Rights in the European Union|16
4|3.1 Fair Trial and the Rights of the Defence|16
4|3.2 Access to a Lawyer|17
4|3.3 Free Choice of Defence Counsel|20
4|3.4 Lawyer-Client Privilege|20
4|3.5 Access to File|21
4|3.6 The Right to Liberty and Security|22
4|3.7 Presumption of Innocence|23
4|3.8 Right to Remain Silent|24
4|3.9 Right to Privacy: The Inviolability of the Home|24
4|3.10 Interpretation and Translation|25
4|3.11 Impartiality|26
4|3.12 Right to Information|27
4|3.13 The Right to Inform Others of Arrest|28
4|3.14 Right to Be Present/Represented and in Absentia Proceedings|29
4|3.15 Reasonable Time|30
4|3.16 Effective Remedy|30
4|3.17 Special Safeguards in Case of Accused Children|30
3|4 Victim´s Rights in the Context of Rights of the Accused|31
3|References|35
2|The Implementation of the Directive on Linguistic Assistance in Italy, Between Changes to the Code of Criminal Procedure and C...|36
3|1 Analysing the 2010/64/EU Directive|36
3|2 Transposing the Directive Into the Italian Legal Order with Legislative Decree No. 32/2014|41
3|3 Case-Law Resistance|45
3|References|48
2|Awareness of One´s Own Rights and Knowledge of the Accusation: The Implementation of the Directive on the Right to Information...|51
3|1 The Essential Aims of the EU Directive on the Right to Information|52
3|2 Implementation of the Directive in the Italian Legal System: Banning Old Practices About the Right of the Accused to Be Info...|55
3|3 The Informational Rights of Persons Under Arrest|56
3|4 In Particular: The Right to Be Informed of the Charge|59
3|5 Continued: The Right of Access to the Materials of the Case|61
3|References|63
2|The Right of Access to a Lawyer in the European Union: Directive 2013/48/EU and Its Implementation in Spain|64
3|1 Introduction: In Defence of the Rights of the Accused|65
3|2 General Aspects: The Lack of Regulation of the Right to Legal Aid|66
3|3 Scope of Application from a Triple Perspective|68
3|4 Content: Rights Recognised in the Directive and Others Missing|70
3|5 Spanish Perspective: Legal Regulation and Forensic Practice|74
3|6 Final Remarks: The Impact of Directive 2013/48/EU|76
3|References|77
2|``Minimum´´ Procedural Rights in Judicial Cooperation Procedures|78
3|1 Foreword|79
3|2 One Step Behind|80
3|3 A Glimpse Ahead|85
3|4 Conclusive Remarks|86
3|References|88
1|Part II: Transnational Criminal Investigations and Proceedings: Instruments of Judicial Cooperation in Criminal Matters|89
2|The European Investigation Order for Evidence Gathering Abroad|90
3|1 Introduction|91
3|2 A Slow Progression Towards a Minimal ``Harmonisation´´|92
3|3 The European Investigation Order (EIO): The Most Advanced Discipline Regarding the Transnational Evidence Gathering and Info...|94
3|4 An Effective Simplification of Procedures?|95
3|5 A ``Hybrid´´ Model of Research and Evidence Gathering|96
3|6 Between Mutual Legal Assistance and Mutual Recognition|98
3|7 `European Models´ of Investigation for a `Reinforced´ Protection of the Fundamental Rights of the Person|100
3|8 A Double Check of Proportionality|101
3|9 Omissions and Aporias of the EIO´s Discipline|102
3|10 Final Considerations|103
3|References|104
2|Freezing Evidence and Property: Already in Force Mutual Recognition Among EU Member States|107
3|1 Premise|107
3|2 Reference Legal Sources: General Panorama|108
3|3 Framework Decision 2003/577/JHA on the Execution of Orders Freezing Property or Evidence and Framework Decision 2008/978/JHA...|109
3|4 Implementation in the Domestic Legal Order: Legislative Decree No. 35/2016|112
3|5 Conclusions|117
3|References|117
2|Conflicts of Jurisdiction in Criminal Proceedings in Europe: Between Bis In Idem and Lis Pendens|119
3|1 Conflicts of Jurisdiction and Reasons of Their Increase|120
3|2 The Cornerstone: The Ne Bis In Idem Principle and Its Complex Normative Basis|122
4|2.1 Most Controversial Aspects: The Concept of ``Criminal Matters´´|124
4|2.2 Continued: Notions Related to ``Bis´´, ``Idem´´, ``Final Judgment´´ and ``Execution of the Decision´´|127
3|3 Between Bis In Idem and Lis Pendens: Initiatives, Normative Sources and Possible Solutions|130
3|References|132
2|Joint Investigation Teams in the Italian Legislation Implementing Framework Decision 2002/465/JHA|134
3|1 Preliminary Remarks|134
3|2 The Implementation of Joint Investigation Teams in Italy: Scope of Application|135
4|2.1 Investigation Measures and Exchange of Information|138
4|2.2 The Use of Investigation Material and Information in National Criminal Proceedings|140
3|3 Some Final Considerations|144
3|References|144
2|Judicial Cooperation System in the Fight Against Transnational Organised Crime|145
3|1 United Nations and the Fight Against Organised Crime. Origin and Main Contents of the Palermo Convention and of ``Additional...|146
3|2 Relevance of UNTOC for the Italian System. Ratification Law No. 146/2006|148
4|2.1 Definition of Transnational Crime and Aggravating Circumstance ex Art. 4. Definition of ``Organised Criminal Group´´ and D...|148
4|2.2 Brief Considerations on the External Participation in Organised Criminal Groups (see Art. 5, a, ii, b of the Convention)|152
4|2.3 Modernity of UNTOC. Other Provisions of the Ratification Law and Correspondent Conventional Provisions. Main Procedural In...|153
3|3 Other Issues Under Discussion at the United Nations. The Role of the European Union Inside UN Commissions|154
3|4 Reviewing Mechanism (Art. 32 Para. 3, d) of the Convention Compared to UNCAC Reviewing Mechanism. State-of-the-Art of Negoti...|155
1|Part III: The Establishment of the European Public Prosecutor´s Office: Steps Forward Versus National Resistances|157
2|Brief Notes on the European Public Prosecutor´s Office: Ideas, Project and Fulfilment|158
3|1 Approval of the EPPO Regulation|158
3|2 Shared Competence|159
3|3 Modifications to EPPO´s Structure and National Link|159
3|4 Judicial Controls|161
3|5 Decisions on Prosecution|162
3|6 Procedural Guarantees|163
3|7 Conclusions|164
2|The European Public Prosecutor: Controversy Expressed in Structural Form|165
3|1 Introduction|166
3|2 Providing for Protection of the EU´s Financial Interests|168
4|2.1 Structural Issues as Key to the Functioning and Creation of the EPPO|168
4|2.2 Structural Proposals for the EPPO|170
3|3 The EPPO Structure: Controversy Expressed in Structure|174
3|4 The EPPO and the Future|176
3|5 The Key Opportunity Missed|178
3|References|180
2|Eurojust and the European Public Prosecutor´s Office. Introduction to a Historic Reform|181
3|1 Introduction|181
3|2 Eurojust|183
3|3 The European Public Prosecutor´s Office (EPPO)|185
3|4 Eurojust and the EPPO|187
3|5 Some Considerations of the European Parliament, Followed in the Regulation on the EPPO|188
3|6 Annotated Bibliography|189
2|Judicial Control of the European Public Prosecutor´s Office|190
3|1 Introduction|191
3|2 Function and Scope of Judicial Control|191
3|3 The Commission´s Proposal and the Negotiations in the Council|193
3|4 The Treaty Framework of Judicial Review in the Union|196
4|4.1 The Validity of Supranational Acts: Exclusive Jurisdiction of Union Courts|196
4|4.2 The Application of National Law: Exclusive Jurisdiction of National Courts?|197
3|5 The EPPO and Its Relationship to National Courts (Art. 86 TFEU)|198
4|5.1 The Competence of National Courts Under Art. 86 Para. 2 TFEU|198
4|5.2 The Scope of the Power to Regulate Judicial Review (Art. 86 Para. 3 TFEU)|199
3|6 Conclusion|200
3|References|201
2|Defence Areas and Limits in the Investigations of the European Public Prosecutor|203
3|1 Introduction|203
3|2 Guarantees of National Systems|205
3|3 Minimum Standards in the European Directives|206
3|4 Fundamental Rights|209
3|5 Conclusions|210
1|Contents|6
1|List of Contributors|11
1|Part I: Rights and Guarantees of Suspects and Defendants in Criminal Proceedings: The EU Directives and Their Impact on Nation...|12
2|Fair Trial Rights in the European Union: Reconciling Accused and Victims´ Rights|13
3|1 Introduction|13
3|2 Harmonisation of Criminal Procedure in the European Union|14
3|3 Defence Rights in the European Union|16
4|3.1 Fair Trial and the Rights of the Defence|16
4|3.2 Access to a Lawyer|17
4|3.3 Free Choice of Defence Counsel|20
4|3.4 Lawyer-Client Privilege|20
4|3.5 Access to File|21
4|3.6 The Right to Liberty and Security|22
4|3.7 Presumption of Innocence|23
4|3.8 Right to Remain Silent|24
4|3.9 Right to Privacy: The Inviolability of the Home|24
4|3.10 Interpretation and Translation|25
4|3.11 Impartiality|26
4|3.12 Right to Information|27
4|3.13 The Right to Inform Others of Arrest|28
4|3.14 Right to Be Present/Represented and in Absentia Proceedings|29
4|3.15 Reasonable Time|30
4|3.16 Effective Remedy|30
4|3.17 Special Safeguards in Case of Accused Children|30
3|4 Victim´s Rights in the Context of Rights of the Accused|31
3|References|35
2|The Implementation of the Directive on Linguistic Assistance in Italy, Between Changes to the Code of Criminal Procedure and C...|36
3|1 Analysing the 2010/64/EU Directive|36
3|2 Transposing the Directive Into the Italian Legal Order with Legislative Decree No. 32/2014|41
3|3 Case-Law Resistance|45
3|References|48
2|Awareness of One´s Own Rights and Knowledge of the Accusation: The Implementation of the Directive on the Right to Information...|51
3|1 The Essential Aims of the EU Directive on the Right to Information|52
3|2 Implementation of the Directive in the Italian Legal System: Banning Old Practices About the Right of the Accused to Be Info...|55
3|3 The Informational Rights of Persons Under Arrest|56
3|4 In Particular: The Right to Be Informed of the Charge|59
3|5 Continued: The Right of Access to the Materials of the Case|61
3|References|63
2|The Right of Access to a Lawyer in the European Union: Directive 2013/48/EU and Its Implementation in Spain|64
3|1 Introduction: In Defence of the Rights of the Accused|65
3|2 General Aspects: The Lack of Regulation of the Right to Legal Aid|66
3|3 Scope of Application from a Triple Perspective|68
3|4 Content: Rights Recognised in the Directive and Others Missing|70
3|5 Spanish Perspective: Legal Regulation and Forensic Practice|74
3|6 Final Remarks: The Impact of Directive 2013/48/EU|76
3|References|77
2|``Minimum´´ Procedural Rights in Judicial Cooperation Procedures|78
3|1 Foreword|79
3|2 One Step Behind|80
3|3 A Glimpse Ahead|85
3|4 Conclusive Remarks|86
3|References|88
1|Part II: Transnational Criminal Investigations and Proceedings: Instruments of Judicial Cooperation in Criminal Matters|89
2|The European Investigation Order for Evidence Gathering Abroad|90
3|1 Introduction|91
3|2 A Slow Progression Towards a Minimal ``Harmonisation´´|92
3|3 The European Investigation Order (EIO): The Most Advanced Discipline Regarding the Transnational Evidence Gathering and Info...|94
3|4 An Effective Simplification of Procedures?|95
3|5 A ``Hybrid´´ Model of Research and Evidence Gathering|96
3|6 Between Mutual Legal Assistance and Mutual Recognition|98
3|7 `European Models´ of Investigation for a `Reinforced´ Protection of the Fundamental Rights of the Person|100
3|8 A Double Check of Proportionality|101
3|9 Omissions and Aporias of the EIO´s Discipline|102
3|10 Final Considerations|103
3|References|104
2|Freezing Evidence and Property: Already in Force Mutual Recognition Among EU Member States|107
3|1 Premise|107
3|2 Reference Legal Sources: General Panorama|108
3|3 Framework Decision 2003/577/JHA on the Execution of Orders Freezing Property or Evidence and Framework Decision 2008/978/JHA...|109
3|4 Implementation in the Domestic Legal Order: Legislative Decree No. 35/2016|112
3|5 Conclusions|117
3|References|117
2|Conflicts of Jurisdiction in Criminal Proceedings in Europe: Between Bis In Idem and Lis Pendens|119
3|1 Conflicts of Jurisdiction and Reasons of Their Increase|120
3|2 The Cornerstone: The Ne Bis In Idem Principle and Its Complex Normative Basis|122
4|2.1 Most Controversial Aspects: The Concept of ``Criminal Matters´´|124
4|2.2 Continued: Notions Related to ``Bis´´, ``Idem´´, ``Final Judgment´´ and ``Execution of the Decision´´|127
3|3 Between Bis In Idem and Lis Pendens: Initiatives, Normative Sources and Possible Solutions|130
3|References|132
2|Joint Investigation Teams in the Italian Legislation Implementing Framework Decision 2002/465/JHA|134
3|1 Preliminary Remarks|134
3|2 The Implementation of Joint Investigation Teams in Italy: Scope of Application|135
4|2.1 Investigation Measures and Exchange of Information|138
4|2.2 The Use of Investigation Material and Information in National Criminal Proceedings|140
3|3 Some Final Considerations|144
3|References|144
2|Judicial Cooperation System in the Fight Against Transnational Organised Crime|145
3|1 United Nations and the Fight Against Organised Crime. Origin and Main Contents of the Palermo Convention and of ``Additional...|146
3|2 Relevance of UNTOC for the Italian System. Ratification Law No. 146/2006|148
4|2.1 Definition of Transnational Crime and Aggravating Circumstance ex Art. 4. Definition of ``Organised Criminal Group´´ and D...|148
4|2.2 Brief Considerations on the External Participation in Organised Criminal Groups (see Art. 5, a, ii, b of the Convention)|152
4|2.3 Modernity of UNTOC. Other Provisions of the Ratification Law and Correspondent Conventional Provisions. Main Procedural In...|153
3|3 Other Issues Under Discussion at the United Nations. The Role of the European Union Inside UN Commissions|154
3|4 Reviewing Mechanism (Art. 32 Para. 3, d) of the Convention Compared to UNCAC Reviewing Mechanism. State-of-the-Art of Negoti...|155
1|Part III: The Establishment of the European Public Prosecutor´s Office: Steps Forward Versus National Resistances|157
2|Brief Notes on the European Public Prosecutor´s Office: Ideas, Project and Fulfilment|158
3|1 Approval of the EPPO Regulation|158
3|2 Shared Competence|159
3|3 Modifications to EPPO´s Structure and National Link|159
3|4 Judicial Controls|161
3|5 Decisions on Prosecution|162
3|6 Procedural Guarantees|163
3|7 Conclusions|164
2|The European Public Prosecutor: Controversy Expressed in Structural Form|165
3|1 Introduction|166
3|2 Providing for Protection of the EU´s Financial Interests|168
4|2.1 Structural Issues as Key to the Functioning and Creation of the EPPO|168
4|2.2 Structural Proposals for the EPPO|170
3|3 The EPPO Structure: Controversy Expressed in Structure|174
3|4 The EPPO and the Future|176
3|5 The Key Opportunity Missed|178
3|References|180
2|Eurojust and the European Public Prosecutor´s Office. Introduction to a Historic Reform|181
3|1 Introduction|181
3|2 Eurojust|183
3|3 The European Public Prosecutor´s Office (EPPO)|185
3|4 Eurojust and the EPPO|187
3|5 Some Considerations of the European Parliament, Followed in the Regulation on the EPPO|188
3|6 Annotated Bibliography|189
2|Judicial Control of the European Public Prosecutor´s Office|190
3|1 Introduction|191
3|2 Function and Scope of Judicial Control|191
3|3 The Commission´s Proposal and the Negotiations in the Council|193
3|4 The Treaty Framework of Judicial Review in the Union|196
4|4.1 The Validity of Supranational Acts: Exclusive Jurisdiction of Union Courts|196
4|4.2 The Application of National Law: Exclusive Jurisdiction of National Courts?|197
3|5 The EPPO and Its Relationship to National Courts (Art. 86 TFEU)|198
4|5.1 The Competence of National Courts Under Art. 86 Para. 2 TFEU|198
4|5.2 The Scope of the Power to Regulate Judicial Review (Art. 86 Para. 3 TFEU)|199
3|6 Conclusion|200
3|References|201
2|Defence Areas and Limits in the Investigations of the European Public Prosecutor|203
3|1 Introduction|203
3|2 Guarantees of National Systems|205
3|3 Minimum Standards in the European Directives|206
3|4 Fundamental Rights|209
3|5 Conclusions|210