File #2720: "2019_Book_Post-WarProstitution.pdf"
Text
1|Foreword|5
1|Acknowledgements|7
1|Contents|9
1|List of Abbreviations|12
1|List of Figures|13
1|Maps|14
1|Chapter 1: Introduction|18
2|1.1 Methodology|20
3|1.1.1 Participant Observation|20
3|1.1.2 In-depth Interviews|21
3|1.1.3 Analysis of Brochures and Reports|22
3|1.1.4 Visual Method|23
2|1.2 Academic Relevance|25
2|1.3 Social Relevance|26
2|1.4 Outline of the Book|27
2|References|28
1|Chapter 2: Theorizing Prostitution|34
2|2.1 The Abolitionist Perspective|35
3|2.1.1 Conflating Prostitution with Human Trafficking and the Battle Against Both|36
3|2.1.2 Critique for the Abolitionist Perspective|37
2|2.2 Pro-Sex-Work Scholarship|40
3|2.2.1 Critique for Pro-Sex-Work Stance|41
2|2.3 Instrumental Goals|43
2|References|45
1|Chapter 3: The Kosovo War and Its Aftermath|51
2|3.1 A Brief History of the Kosovo War and Its Aftermath|52
3|3.1.1 War and Its Prelude|53
3|3.1.2 The Road to Independence|60
2|3.2 Characteristics of Post-War Kosovo and the Growth of the Prostitution Business|65
3|3.2.1 Weak Law Enforcement|65
3|3.2.2 Corruption|68
3|3.2.3 Socio-Cultural Attitudes|69
3|3.2.4 Cooperation with Regional Smuggling and Trafficking Rings|71
3|3.2.5 Northern Kosovo as a Nexus Point for Smuggling and Trafficking|75
3|3.2.6 Economic Prosperity in the Wake of the War|76
2|3.3 No Business as Usual, But Booming Nonetheless|79
2|References|80
1|Chapter 4: Clientele of the Post-War Prostitution Business|85
2|4.1 Internationals Employed in Kosovo|86
3|4.1.1 Prostitution as an Unofficial Promise of “Mission Life”|90
3|4.1.2 UN Regulation of Prostitution during Peacekeeping Missions|95
3|4.1.3 Evaluation of the UN’s Zero-Tolerance Policy|97
3|4.1.4 Immunity or Impunity?|100
2|4.2 “Schatzis” on a (Moral) Holiday|102
3|4.2.1 Sex Tourism as an (Unintended) Consequence of Peacekeeping Missions?|103
2|4.3 Local Clients|105
3|4.3.1 Those Looking for Commercial Sex|106
3|4.3.2 Those Finding Company|107
3|4.3.3 Boyfriends|108
2|4.4 Not Just Internationals|113
2|References|113
1|Chapter 5: Foreign Women Engaged in Prostitution: Rethinking the Singular Image of Victims of Trafficking|119
2|5.1 Countries of Origin|120
2|5.2 Women’s Narratives|124
3|5.2.1 Sofija: Prostitution Migration to Engage in a Luxury Lifestyle|125
3|5.2.2 Rita: Prostitution Migration to Escape a Precarious Financial Situation|129
3|5.2.3 Mira: Leaving a Troubled Home and Sustaining Drug Use|133
2|5.3 Reasons to Engage in Out-Country Prostitution in Kosovo|135
3|5.3.1 Economic Needs and Desires|135
3|5.3.2 Social Escapes: Going East or West When Home Is Not Best|139
3|5.3.3 Accessibility of Possible Destinations|141
2|5.4 “Recruiting” Abroad|142
3|5.4.1 Recruitment in the Early Days of the Sex Industry|142
3|5.4.2 Meeting a Man|145
3|5.4.3 Female Friends or Family Members|148
2|5.5 Expectations|150
2|5.6 Journey to Kosovo|152
3|5.6.1 Illegal Border Crossings Over Land|154
3|5.6.2 Using Holiday Packages|155
3|5.6.3 By Plane with Falsely Arranged Papers|156
3|5.6.4 Paying for the Journey by Working in a Bar|158
2|5.7 One-Sided Representation of Victims of Trafficking Disputed|160
2|References|162
1|Chapter 6: Kosovar Women Engaged in Prostitution: (The Consequences of) Being Defined as a Voluntary Prostitute|169
2|6.1 Market Forces|170
3|6.1.1 Demand to Replace Departing Foreign Women|171
3|6.1.2 Poverty-Based Need|171
2|6.2 Social Factors: Disruption of the Social Fabric|175
3|6.2.1 Saranda: Dissolution of a Marriage|178
3|6.2.2 Lorena: Ethnic Tensions After Being Widowed|179
3|6.2.3 Kaltrina: Wartime Sexual Violence|182
3|6.2.4 Elira: Unexcused Behavior|183
3|6.2.5 Genta: Ill Family Members|184
3|6.2.6 What to Do About Travis Hirschi?|185
2|6.3 Individual Considerations: Drug Use|186
2|6.4 Intersecting Constraints|189
2|6.5 At Work in the Bars|190
3|6.5.1 Commercial Sexual Encounters|191
3|6.5.2 Circulation Between Sex Work Premises|192
3|6.5.3 Independent Sex Workers|193
2|6.6 Experience of Being a “Voluntary Prostitute”|194
3|6.6.1 Emotional Challenges|195
3|6.6.2 Dealing with Stigma|197
3|6.6.3 Hindered Access to Health Services|200
3|6.6.4 Denied Legal Protection|200
2|6.7 Simple Narratives Make Dangerous Tales|203
2|References|203
1|Chapter 7: Conclusion|211
2|7.1 Main Findings|212
2|7.2 Underlying Motives for Simple Narratives|215
2|7.3 What Is New?|216
2|References|216
1|Annex One: Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime|217
1|Annex Two: Overview of Informants|218
2|Reference|224
1|Index|225
1|Acknowledgements|7
1|Contents|9
1|List of Abbreviations|12
1|List of Figures|13
1|Maps|14
1|Chapter 1: Introduction|18
2|1.1 Methodology|20
3|1.1.1 Participant Observation|20
3|1.1.2 In-depth Interviews|21
3|1.1.3 Analysis of Brochures and Reports|22
3|1.1.4 Visual Method|23
2|1.2 Academic Relevance|25
2|1.3 Social Relevance|26
2|1.4 Outline of the Book|27
2|References|28
1|Chapter 2: Theorizing Prostitution|34
2|2.1 The Abolitionist Perspective|35
3|2.1.1 Conflating Prostitution with Human Trafficking and the Battle Against Both|36
3|2.1.2 Critique for the Abolitionist Perspective|37
2|2.2 Pro-Sex-Work Scholarship|40
3|2.2.1 Critique for Pro-Sex-Work Stance|41
2|2.3 Instrumental Goals|43
2|References|45
1|Chapter 3: The Kosovo War and Its Aftermath|51
2|3.1 A Brief History of the Kosovo War and Its Aftermath|52
3|3.1.1 War and Its Prelude|53
3|3.1.2 The Road to Independence|60
2|3.2 Characteristics of Post-War Kosovo and the Growth of the Prostitution Business|65
3|3.2.1 Weak Law Enforcement|65
3|3.2.2 Corruption|68
3|3.2.3 Socio-Cultural Attitudes|69
3|3.2.4 Cooperation with Regional Smuggling and Trafficking Rings|71
3|3.2.5 Northern Kosovo as a Nexus Point for Smuggling and Trafficking|75
3|3.2.6 Economic Prosperity in the Wake of the War|76
2|3.3 No Business as Usual, But Booming Nonetheless|79
2|References|80
1|Chapter 4: Clientele of the Post-War Prostitution Business|85
2|4.1 Internationals Employed in Kosovo|86
3|4.1.1 Prostitution as an Unofficial Promise of “Mission Life”|90
3|4.1.2 UN Regulation of Prostitution during Peacekeeping Missions|95
3|4.1.3 Evaluation of the UN’s Zero-Tolerance Policy|97
3|4.1.4 Immunity or Impunity?|100
2|4.2 “Schatzis” on a (Moral) Holiday|102
3|4.2.1 Sex Tourism as an (Unintended) Consequence of Peacekeeping Missions?|103
2|4.3 Local Clients|105
3|4.3.1 Those Looking for Commercial Sex|106
3|4.3.2 Those Finding Company|107
3|4.3.3 Boyfriends|108
2|4.4 Not Just Internationals|113
2|References|113
1|Chapter 5: Foreign Women Engaged in Prostitution: Rethinking the Singular Image of Victims of Trafficking|119
2|5.1 Countries of Origin|120
2|5.2 Women’s Narratives|124
3|5.2.1 Sofija: Prostitution Migration to Engage in a Luxury Lifestyle|125
3|5.2.2 Rita: Prostitution Migration to Escape a Precarious Financial Situation|129
3|5.2.3 Mira: Leaving a Troubled Home and Sustaining Drug Use|133
2|5.3 Reasons to Engage in Out-Country Prostitution in Kosovo|135
3|5.3.1 Economic Needs and Desires|135
3|5.3.2 Social Escapes: Going East or West When Home Is Not Best|139
3|5.3.3 Accessibility of Possible Destinations|141
2|5.4 “Recruiting” Abroad|142
3|5.4.1 Recruitment in the Early Days of the Sex Industry|142
3|5.4.2 Meeting a Man|145
3|5.4.3 Female Friends or Family Members|148
2|5.5 Expectations|150
2|5.6 Journey to Kosovo|152
3|5.6.1 Illegal Border Crossings Over Land|154
3|5.6.2 Using Holiday Packages|155
3|5.6.3 By Plane with Falsely Arranged Papers|156
3|5.6.4 Paying for the Journey by Working in a Bar|158
2|5.7 One-Sided Representation of Victims of Trafficking Disputed|160
2|References|162
1|Chapter 6: Kosovar Women Engaged in Prostitution: (The Consequences of) Being Defined as a Voluntary Prostitute|169
2|6.1 Market Forces|170
3|6.1.1 Demand to Replace Departing Foreign Women|171
3|6.1.2 Poverty-Based Need|171
2|6.2 Social Factors: Disruption of the Social Fabric|175
3|6.2.1 Saranda: Dissolution of a Marriage|178
3|6.2.2 Lorena: Ethnic Tensions After Being Widowed|179
3|6.2.3 Kaltrina: Wartime Sexual Violence|182
3|6.2.4 Elira: Unexcused Behavior|183
3|6.2.5 Genta: Ill Family Members|184
3|6.2.6 What to Do About Travis Hirschi?|185
2|6.3 Individual Considerations: Drug Use|186
2|6.4 Intersecting Constraints|189
2|6.5 At Work in the Bars|190
3|6.5.1 Commercial Sexual Encounters|191
3|6.5.2 Circulation Between Sex Work Premises|192
3|6.5.3 Independent Sex Workers|193
2|6.6 Experience of Being a “Voluntary Prostitute”|194
3|6.6.1 Emotional Challenges|195
3|6.6.2 Dealing with Stigma|197
3|6.6.3 Hindered Access to Health Services|200
3|6.6.4 Denied Legal Protection|200
2|6.7 Simple Narratives Make Dangerous Tales|203
2|References|203
1|Chapter 7: Conclusion|211
2|7.1 Main Findings|212
2|7.2 Underlying Motives for Simple Narratives|215
2|7.3 What Is New?|216
2|References|216
1|Annex One: Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime|217
1|Annex Two: Overview of Informants|218
2|Reference|224
1|Index|225