File #2794: "2019_Book_TheGangsOfBangladesh.pdf"

1|Acknowledgements|7
1|Praise for The Gangs of Bangladesh|9
1|Contents|10
1|1: Introduction|12
2|Dhaka, Bangladesh|14
2|Research Methods|17
2|The Participants|20
2|Personal Reflections|27
2|Research Boundaries|28
2|Book Outline|29
2|References|32
1|2: Bangladesh|33
2|Introduction|33
2|Politics and Governance|35
2|Dhaka|37
2|Society|38
3|Patron-Client Relationships|38
2|Children in Bangladesh|39
3|Street Children|40
3|Child Labour|41
3|Children’s Rights; Children in Conflict with the Law|43
3|Children, Violence and Exploitation|44
2|Organised Crime and Violence in Dhaka|49
2|Conclusion|52
2|References|53
1|3: Theorising Organised Crime, Gangs and Street Children’s Agency|59
2|Introduction|59
2|Organised Crime and Mafias|60
3|What Is Organised Crime?|60
3|Mafias and the Market for Private Protection|62
2|The Gang|64
3|What Is a Gang?|65
2|Street Children|69
3|Why Do Children Live on the Streets?|72
3|Street Children: Victims or Offenders?|72
3|Street Children and Gangs|74
2|Child Labour|77
3|Child Labour|79
3|Exploitative Child Labour|79
2|Conclusion|81
2|References|82
1|4: The Bangladesh ‘Mafia’: Mastaans and the Market for Social Protection|89
2|Introduction|89
2|The Mastaans|91
2|The Organisation of Mastaan Groups|93
2|Mirpur|96
2|Mastaans and Politicians|97
2|Mastaans and the Market for Social Protection|102
2|Mastaans: Power, Enterprise and Crime|106
2|Mastaans and the Police|107
2|Mafias and Research Involving Young People|108
2|Conclusion|109
2|References|111
1|5: ‘Illicit Child Labourers’: Exploring Street Children’s Involvement in Organised Crime|113
2|Introduction|113
2|Research Findings|114
2|Street Children and Vulnerability|115
2|Peer Groups|115
2|Child Labour|116
3|Perceptions of Work|116
3|The Structure of Mastaan Groups|117
2|Street Children for Hire|119
3|Land Grabbing|120
3|Political Violence and ‘Hartals’|121
3|Drug Dealing|122
3|Extortion and ‘Toll’ Collecting|123
3|Contract Killings|125
2|Actively Seeking Protection|126
2|Conclusion|127
2|References|128
1|6: Street Children and ‘Protective Agency’|130
2|Introduction|130
2|Discussion|132
2|Protective Agency|135
3|Individual Protection and Support|136
3|Protection from Rival Gangs|137
3|Protection from Criminal Justice|138
3|Social Protection and Patronage|139
2|Conclusion|141
2|References|142
1|7: ‘Illicit Labour’ and Children’s Culpability: Implications for Penology and Criminal Justice Responses|144
2|Introduction|144
2|‘Illicit Child Labour’|145
3|The Worst Forms of Child Labour|145
3|Existing Conceptualisations|146
3|Victims and Offenders; Devils and Angels|148
3|Positioning Illicit Child Labour in the Debate|150
2|Agency, Culpability and Criminal Justice Responses|152
2|‘Illicit Child Labourers’ and the Future|157
2|Conclusion|158
2|References|159
1|8: Implications for Research, Policy and Practice|162
2|Introduction|162
2|Policy Implications|163
2|Implications for Practice|166
2|Implications for Research|170
2|Conclusion|176
2|References|177
1|9: Sharif|180
2|Introduction|180
2|‘From Palace to Hell’|181
2|Involvement in Crime|183
2|Hierarchies of Crime|185
2|Perceptions of Violence|187
2|Vulnerability and Abuse|188
2|Leaving the Gang, and the Streets|189
2|Conclusion|190
2|Reference|190
1|10: Conclusion|191
2|Introduction|193
2|Contributions to Knowledge|194
3|Mastaans and the Market for Protection|195
3|Street Children as the Labourers of Mastaan Groups|196
3|Actively Seeking Protection|197
3|Street Children, Organised Crime and Case Studies|199
3|Implications for Research, Policy and Practice|201
2|Final Thoughts|202
2|References|204
1|Appendix|205
1|Index|206