File #2392: "2018_Book_TheWesternCodificationOfCrimin.pdf"
Testo
1|Preface and Acknowledgements|6
1|Contents|8
1|Contributors|10
1|Introduction|12
1|1 Tradition and Foreign Influences in the 19th Century Codification of Criminal Law: Dispelling the Myth of the Pervasive French Influence in Europe and Latin America|13
2|Abstract|13
2|1 Introduction|14
2|2 Criminal Law Reform and Codification: A Break with the Past?|15
3|2.1 The Liberal System and the ‘Constitutionalization’ of Criminal Law Principles|16
3|2.2 Criminal Codes and Legalization of ‘Liberal’ Criminal Law Principles: The Legality Principle|22
2|3 Criminal Law Development and Criminal Codes as Continuity and Legal Reform|26
2|4 Tradition and Foreign Influences in the Codification of Criminal Law|29
3|4.1 Tradition Versus Foreign Influence?|30
3|4.2 Types of Foreign Influences|32
4|4.2.1 The Idea of the Code Itself|32
4|4.2.2 Formal or Structural Influence|35
4|4.2.3 Substantive Influence|36
3|4.3 An Overview of French Influence Over European and Latin American Codifications of Criminal Law|37
2|References|53
1|Europe|61
1|2 The Influence of the Napoleonic Penal Code on the Development of Criminal Law in Germany: Juridical Discourses, Legal Transfer and Codification|62
2|Abstract|62
2|1 Introduction|63
2|2 Penal Law in the Holy Roman Empire Around 1800|65
2|3 The Code Pénal and German Juridical Discourse|67
2|4 Transfer and Implementation in the Rhineland and the Napoleonic Model States|72
2|5 The Bavarian Code of 1813 and the Code Pénal|75
2|6 Conclusion: The Long Term Impact of the Code Pénal and the Prussian Penal Code of 1851|77
2|References|79
1|3 Ignoring France? Possible French Influences on the Development of Austrian Penal Law in the 19th Century|85
2|Abstract|85
2|1 Introduction|85
2|2 A Survey on the History of Austrian Penal Law|87
2|3 French Influences on Austria and on Austrian Legislation in the 19th Century|91
2|4 Summary and Conclusions|96
2|References|98
1|4 The Influence of the French Penal Code of 1810 on the Belgian Penal Code of 1867: Between Continuity and Innovation|102
2|Abstract|102
2|1 Introduction|102
2|2 The Premises of the 1810 Penal Code’s Reform During the Dutch Period|103
2|3 The Reform of the Criminal Code Between 1830 and 1867 in Belgium Between French Influence and New Ideas Being Circulated in Europe|105
3|3.1 The Lasting Influence of France at the Heart of a European Movement|105
3|3.2 The Political Reform Process: A Doctrinal Work in Accordance with the Spirit of the Times|108
2|4 The Belgian Penal Code of 1867 and the Imperial Code 1810: Between Continuity and Change|112
3|4.1 A Technical Work, Centered on the General Principles of Criminal Law|112
3|4.2 A Humanist Penology, Faithful to the Neoclassical Spirit|114
2|5 Conclusion|117
2|Bibliography|118
1|5 The Influence of the French Penal Code of 1810 Over the “General Part” of the Portuguese Penal Code of 1852: The Visible and the Invisible|121
2|Abstract|121
2|1 The Context of the Portuguese Penal Code of 1852|121
2|2 The Portuguese Penal Code of 1852|127
3|2.1 Classification of the Offences|127
3|2.2 Structure|128
3|2.3 Principles|129
3|2.4 Rules on Participation|130
3|2.5 Penalties|131
2|3 Conclusion|134
2|References|135
1|6 An Autonomous Path for the Italian Penal Code of 1889: The Constructing Process and the First Case Law Applications|137
2|Abstract|137
2|1 Searching for a “National Pattern” of Penal Code|137
2|2 The Texture of the “tela di Penelope” Towards the Final Version of a Criminal Code|142
2|3 The mise en Place of the Penal Code “Seal and Crown of the Unity the Homeland”|148
2|4 Early Case Law Applications Between the Old and the New Criminal Law|152
2|5 The Consolidation of the New Penal System Between Doctrine and Case Law|158
2|6 Conclusions|161
2|References|163
1|7 The Roots of Italian Penal Codification: Nation Building and the Claim for a Peculiar Identity in Criminal Law|168
2|Abstract|168
2|1 Introduction|169
2|2 The Janus-Faced Genius of Italian Criminal Law|170
3|2.1 In Search of a National Legal History of Criminal Law: Enrico Pessina|173
3|2.2 Scientific Unity in Spite of Political Divisions|175
3|2.3 The Great Differences with the French Penal Code|176
2|3 A Doctrinal Unity Still to Be Built|180
2|4 Carrara and the Savigyan Approach to Penal Codification|182
3|4.1 Hindrances to Penal Unification|184
3|4.2 The Prevailing Historicist Argument|186
2|5 The Zanardelli Code and New Challenges for the Italian School|188
2|6 Conclusions|190
2|References|191
1|8 The Myth of French Influence Over Spanish Codification: The General Part of the Criminal Codes of 1822 and 1848|198
2|Abstract|198
2|1 Introduction: The Long Shadow of French Codification Over Spain|198
2|2 Tradition and Foreign Influences in the 19th Century Codification of Criminal Law: A Brief Historiographical Overview|204
2|3 Between Myth and Reality: The Scope of French Influence on the Spanish Codes of 1822 and 1848/50|208
3|3.1 The Idea of the Code Itself in the Parliamentary Debates|210
4|3.1.1 The Code as a Tool for Legal Reform|211
4|3.1.2 Explicit References to the Napoleonic Criminal Code|212
4|3.1.3 Explicit References to the Spanish Legal Tradition (Legal Sources and Doctrine)|219
3|3.2 Formal/Structural Influence|220
4|3.2.1 Parliamentary Debates|220
4|3.2.2 The Doctrinal Roots of Codifiers’ Systematization Efforts: The Case of Self-defense|222
3|3.3 Substantive Influences|223
4|3.3.1 The Criminal Code of 1822|224
4|3.3.2 The Criminal Code of 1848/50|231
2|4 Conclusions|237
2|References|239
1|9 The Influence Exerted by the 1819 Criminal Code of the Two Sicilies upon Nineteenth-Century Spanish Criminal Law Codification and Its Projection in Latin America|248
2|Abstract|248
2|1 The Criminal Code of the Two Sicilies Within the Framework of Foreign Influences on Nineteenth-Century Spanish Criminal Law Codification|249
2|2 The Influence Exerted by Italian Doctrine upon Nineteenth-Century Spanish Criminal Law Codification|253
2|3 The 1819 Criminal Code of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies|256
3|3.1 Political-Doctrinal Orientation|256
3|3.2 Innovations in the Criminal Code of the Two Sicilies in Relation to the 1810 French Criminal Code|259
2|4 The Specific Influence Exerted by the 1819 Criminal Code of the Two Sicilies upon the 1848 Spanish Criminal Code|263
3|4.1 The 1848 Spanish Criminal Code|263
3|4.2 The Criminal Code of the Two Sicilies as a Model for the 1848 Spanish Criminal Code|264
3|4.3 The Specific Influences Exerted by the 1819 Criminal Code of the Two Sicilies upon the 1848 Spanish Criminal Code|265
4|4.3.1 In the General Part|265
4|4.3.2 Innovations in the Special Part|273
3|4.4 Injuries and Supposition of Births|274
2|5 The Journey to Latin America|275
2|6 Conclusion|276
2|References|277
1|Latin America|284
1|10 The ‘Code Pénal’ in the Itinerary of the Criminal Codification in America and Europe: ‘Influence’ and Circularity of Models|285
2|Abstract|285
2|1 Introduction|285
2|2 The Brazilian Imperial Criminal Code of 1830: Autonomous Model or Version of ‘Code Pénal’?|287
2|3 The Models of the Model: About the Construction of the Brazilian ‘Codigo Criminal’ of 1830|290
2|4 Conclusion|295
2|References|296
1|11 Codifying the Criminal Law in Argentina: Provincial and National Codification in the Genesis of the First Penal Code|300
2|Abstract|300
2|1 Introduction: The Criminal Reform in the Hispanic Tradition|300
2|2 The Persistence of Spanish Legal Traditions After the Independence in Rio de la Plata|302
2|3 Federal Constitution and National Codification|303
2|4 First Attempts of Passing a National Penal Code: The Two Draft|305
3|4.1 Tejedor’s Draft (1867)|306
3|4.2 The Commission’s Draft (1881)|308
2|5 The Provincial Codes: Justice Administration During the Coding Process|310
3|5.1 Codification Without “Code Culture”|310
3|5.2 The Experience of the Provincial Penal Code of Córdoba (1882–1887)|311
2|6 Enactment of the First National Penal Code: A Code Enshrined from the Base|316
2|7 Conclusions|320
2|References|322
1|12 From Free Will to Social Defense (or from Cesare Beccaria to Cesare Lombroso): Julio Herrera and the Criminal Law Codification in Argentina (1903–1922)|326
2|Abstract|326
2|1 Introduction|327
2|2 Biographical Facts About Julio Herrera|328
2|3 The 1903 Criminal Code Reform. Previous Codes and Reform Proposals|331
2|4 Julio Herrera’s Criminal Code Reform Proposal|332
3|4.1 Tightening of Punishment|333
3|4.2 Individualization of Punishment, Conditional Release and Sentencing|334
3|4.3 Similar Punishment for Perpetrators and Accomplices|335
3|4.4 Deportation of Repeat Offenders|335
3|4.5 The Arbitrariness of the Judge|336
2|5 Julio Herrera and His Criticism of the 1906 Committee Proposal|337
2|6 Remarks by Julio Herrera on the New Criminal Code Approved in 1921|338
2|7 Conclusions|340
2|References|340
1|13 The 1830 Criminal Code of the Brazilian Empire and Its Originality|343
2|Abstract|343
2|1 Statements About the Brazilian Criminal Code of 1830|344
2|2 The Development of the Brazilian Criminal Code of 1830|346
2|3 Clemente Pereira’s ‘Basis’ Proposed in 1826|349
2|4 The Two Criminal Code Drafts of 1827|351
2|5 The Rewriting of Criminal Code’s Draft and the Parliamentary Debates|355
2|6 The Structure of the Criminal Code|360
2|7 The Originality of 1830 Criminal Code|363
2|8 Conclusion|367
2|References|368
2|Sources|369
1|14 The Mexican Codification of Criminal Law: Its Foreign Influences|371
2|Abstract|371
2|1 Introduction|371
2|2 México and the Idea of Codification|374
2|3 The Mexican Codification of Criminal Law in the Western Context|376
3|3.1 Liberal Criminal Law Reforms and Codification in Europe: Spain and France|376
3|3.2 Criminal Law Reforms and Codification in México|378
3|3.3 The Mexican Criminal Code of 1871: Promulgation and Foreign Influences|384
2|4 The Criminal Codification in the States of the Republic and the Adoption of the Criminal Code of 1871 of the Federal District|393
2|5 A New Criminal Codification for Mexico City: 1929, 1931 and 2002|394
2|6 Concluding Remarks|396
2|Appendix: The Structure of the Mexican Criminal Code of 1871|396
2|Bibliography|402
2|Sources|406
1|Prison Law Reform|412
1|15 European and US Influences on the 19th Century Prison Reform|413
2|Abstract|413
2|1 The Origins of Prison Reform in Europe|413
2|2 Foreign Experiences and Influences Promoting Prison Reform on 19th Century|415
2|3 Conclusions|423
2|References|424
1|Contents|8
1|Contributors|10
1|Introduction|12
1|1 Tradition and Foreign Influences in the 19th Century Codification of Criminal Law: Dispelling the Myth of the Pervasive French Influence in Europe and Latin America|13
2|Abstract|13
2|1 Introduction|14
2|2 Criminal Law Reform and Codification: A Break with the Past?|15
3|2.1 The Liberal System and the ‘Constitutionalization’ of Criminal Law Principles|16
3|2.2 Criminal Codes and Legalization of ‘Liberal’ Criminal Law Principles: The Legality Principle|22
2|3 Criminal Law Development and Criminal Codes as Continuity and Legal Reform|26
2|4 Tradition and Foreign Influences in the Codification of Criminal Law|29
3|4.1 Tradition Versus Foreign Influence?|30
3|4.2 Types of Foreign Influences|32
4|4.2.1 The Idea of the Code Itself|32
4|4.2.2 Formal or Structural Influence|35
4|4.2.3 Substantive Influence|36
3|4.3 An Overview of French Influence Over European and Latin American Codifications of Criminal Law|37
2|References|53
1|Europe|61
1|2 The Influence of the Napoleonic Penal Code on the Development of Criminal Law in Germany: Juridical Discourses, Legal Transfer and Codification|62
2|Abstract|62
2|1 Introduction|63
2|2 Penal Law in the Holy Roman Empire Around 1800|65
2|3 The Code Pénal and German Juridical Discourse|67
2|4 Transfer and Implementation in the Rhineland and the Napoleonic Model States|72
2|5 The Bavarian Code of 1813 and the Code Pénal|75
2|6 Conclusion: The Long Term Impact of the Code Pénal and the Prussian Penal Code of 1851|77
2|References|79
1|3 Ignoring France? Possible French Influences on the Development of Austrian Penal Law in the 19th Century|85
2|Abstract|85
2|1 Introduction|85
2|2 A Survey on the History of Austrian Penal Law|87
2|3 French Influences on Austria and on Austrian Legislation in the 19th Century|91
2|4 Summary and Conclusions|96
2|References|98
1|4 The Influence of the French Penal Code of 1810 on the Belgian Penal Code of 1867: Between Continuity and Innovation|102
2|Abstract|102
2|1 Introduction|102
2|2 The Premises of the 1810 Penal Code’s Reform During the Dutch Period|103
2|3 The Reform of the Criminal Code Between 1830 and 1867 in Belgium Between French Influence and New Ideas Being Circulated in Europe|105
3|3.1 The Lasting Influence of France at the Heart of a European Movement|105
3|3.2 The Political Reform Process: A Doctrinal Work in Accordance with the Spirit of the Times|108
2|4 The Belgian Penal Code of 1867 and the Imperial Code 1810: Between Continuity and Change|112
3|4.1 A Technical Work, Centered on the General Principles of Criminal Law|112
3|4.2 A Humanist Penology, Faithful to the Neoclassical Spirit|114
2|5 Conclusion|117
2|Bibliography|118
1|5 The Influence of the French Penal Code of 1810 Over the “General Part” of the Portuguese Penal Code of 1852: The Visible and the Invisible|121
2|Abstract|121
2|1 The Context of the Portuguese Penal Code of 1852|121
2|2 The Portuguese Penal Code of 1852|127
3|2.1 Classification of the Offences|127
3|2.2 Structure|128
3|2.3 Principles|129
3|2.4 Rules on Participation|130
3|2.5 Penalties|131
2|3 Conclusion|134
2|References|135
1|6 An Autonomous Path for the Italian Penal Code of 1889: The Constructing Process and the First Case Law Applications|137
2|Abstract|137
2|1 Searching for a “National Pattern” of Penal Code|137
2|2 The Texture of the “tela di Penelope” Towards the Final Version of a Criminal Code|142
2|3 The mise en Place of the Penal Code “Seal and Crown of the Unity the Homeland”|148
2|4 Early Case Law Applications Between the Old and the New Criminal Law|152
2|5 The Consolidation of the New Penal System Between Doctrine and Case Law|158
2|6 Conclusions|161
2|References|163
1|7 The Roots of Italian Penal Codification: Nation Building and the Claim for a Peculiar Identity in Criminal Law|168
2|Abstract|168
2|1 Introduction|169
2|2 The Janus-Faced Genius of Italian Criminal Law|170
3|2.1 In Search of a National Legal History of Criminal Law: Enrico Pessina|173
3|2.2 Scientific Unity in Spite of Political Divisions|175
3|2.3 The Great Differences with the French Penal Code|176
2|3 A Doctrinal Unity Still to Be Built|180
2|4 Carrara and the Savigyan Approach to Penal Codification|182
3|4.1 Hindrances to Penal Unification|184
3|4.2 The Prevailing Historicist Argument|186
2|5 The Zanardelli Code and New Challenges for the Italian School|188
2|6 Conclusions|190
2|References|191
1|8 The Myth of French Influence Over Spanish Codification: The General Part of the Criminal Codes of 1822 and 1848|198
2|Abstract|198
2|1 Introduction: The Long Shadow of French Codification Over Spain|198
2|2 Tradition and Foreign Influences in the 19th Century Codification of Criminal Law: A Brief Historiographical Overview|204
2|3 Between Myth and Reality: The Scope of French Influence on the Spanish Codes of 1822 and 1848/50|208
3|3.1 The Idea of the Code Itself in the Parliamentary Debates|210
4|3.1.1 The Code as a Tool for Legal Reform|211
4|3.1.2 Explicit References to the Napoleonic Criminal Code|212
4|3.1.3 Explicit References to the Spanish Legal Tradition (Legal Sources and Doctrine)|219
3|3.2 Formal/Structural Influence|220
4|3.2.1 Parliamentary Debates|220
4|3.2.2 The Doctrinal Roots of Codifiers’ Systematization Efforts: The Case of Self-defense|222
3|3.3 Substantive Influences|223
4|3.3.1 The Criminal Code of 1822|224
4|3.3.2 The Criminal Code of 1848/50|231
2|4 Conclusions|237
2|References|239
1|9 The Influence Exerted by the 1819 Criminal Code of the Two Sicilies upon Nineteenth-Century Spanish Criminal Law Codification and Its Projection in Latin America|248
2|Abstract|248
2|1 The Criminal Code of the Two Sicilies Within the Framework of Foreign Influences on Nineteenth-Century Spanish Criminal Law Codification|249
2|2 The Influence Exerted by Italian Doctrine upon Nineteenth-Century Spanish Criminal Law Codification|253
2|3 The 1819 Criminal Code of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies|256
3|3.1 Political-Doctrinal Orientation|256
3|3.2 Innovations in the Criminal Code of the Two Sicilies in Relation to the 1810 French Criminal Code|259
2|4 The Specific Influence Exerted by the 1819 Criminal Code of the Two Sicilies upon the 1848 Spanish Criminal Code|263
3|4.1 The 1848 Spanish Criminal Code|263
3|4.2 The Criminal Code of the Two Sicilies as a Model for the 1848 Spanish Criminal Code|264
3|4.3 The Specific Influences Exerted by the 1819 Criminal Code of the Two Sicilies upon the 1848 Spanish Criminal Code|265
4|4.3.1 In the General Part|265
4|4.3.2 Innovations in the Special Part|273
3|4.4 Injuries and Supposition of Births|274
2|5 The Journey to Latin America|275
2|6 Conclusion|276
2|References|277
1|Latin America|284
1|10 The ‘Code Pénal’ in the Itinerary of the Criminal Codification in America and Europe: ‘Influence’ and Circularity of Models|285
2|Abstract|285
2|1 Introduction|285
2|2 The Brazilian Imperial Criminal Code of 1830: Autonomous Model or Version of ‘Code Pénal’?|287
2|3 The Models of the Model: About the Construction of the Brazilian ‘Codigo Criminal’ of 1830|290
2|4 Conclusion|295
2|References|296
1|11 Codifying the Criminal Law in Argentina: Provincial and National Codification in the Genesis of the First Penal Code|300
2|Abstract|300
2|1 Introduction: The Criminal Reform in the Hispanic Tradition|300
2|2 The Persistence of Spanish Legal Traditions After the Independence in Rio de la Plata|302
2|3 Federal Constitution and National Codification|303
2|4 First Attempts of Passing a National Penal Code: The Two Draft|305
3|4.1 Tejedor’s Draft (1867)|306
3|4.2 The Commission’s Draft (1881)|308
2|5 The Provincial Codes: Justice Administration During the Coding Process|310
3|5.1 Codification Without “Code Culture”|310
3|5.2 The Experience of the Provincial Penal Code of Córdoba (1882–1887)|311
2|6 Enactment of the First National Penal Code: A Code Enshrined from the Base|316
2|7 Conclusions|320
2|References|322
1|12 From Free Will to Social Defense (or from Cesare Beccaria to Cesare Lombroso): Julio Herrera and the Criminal Law Codification in Argentina (1903–1922)|326
2|Abstract|326
2|1 Introduction|327
2|2 Biographical Facts About Julio Herrera|328
2|3 The 1903 Criminal Code Reform. Previous Codes and Reform Proposals|331
2|4 Julio Herrera’s Criminal Code Reform Proposal|332
3|4.1 Tightening of Punishment|333
3|4.2 Individualization of Punishment, Conditional Release and Sentencing|334
3|4.3 Similar Punishment for Perpetrators and Accomplices|335
3|4.4 Deportation of Repeat Offenders|335
3|4.5 The Arbitrariness of the Judge|336
2|5 Julio Herrera and His Criticism of the 1906 Committee Proposal|337
2|6 Remarks by Julio Herrera on the New Criminal Code Approved in 1921|338
2|7 Conclusions|340
2|References|340
1|13 The 1830 Criminal Code of the Brazilian Empire and Its Originality|343
2|Abstract|343
2|1 Statements About the Brazilian Criminal Code of 1830|344
2|2 The Development of the Brazilian Criminal Code of 1830|346
2|3 Clemente Pereira’s ‘Basis’ Proposed in 1826|349
2|4 The Two Criminal Code Drafts of 1827|351
2|5 The Rewriting of Criminal Code’s Draft and the Parliamentary Debates|355
2|6 The Structure of the Criminal Code|360
2|7 The Originality of 1830 Criminal Code|363
2|8 Conclusion|367
2|References|368
2|Sources|369
1|14 The Mexican Codification of Criminal Law: Its Foreign Influences|371
2|Abstract|371
2|1 Introduction|371
2|2 México and the Idea of Codification|374
2|3 The Mexican Codification of Criminal Law in the Western Context|376
3|3.1 Liberal Criminal Law Reforms and Codification in Europe: Spain and France|376
3|3.2 Criminal Law Reforms and Codification in México|378
3|3.3 The Mexican Criminal Code of 1871: Promulgation and Foreign Influences|384
2|4 The Criminal Codification in the States of the Republic and the Adoption of the Criminal Code of 1871 of the Federal District|393
2|5 A New Criminal Codification for Mexico City: 1929, 1931 and 2002|394
2|6 Concluding Remarks|396
2|Appendix: The Structure of the Mexican Criminal Code of 1871|396
2|Bibliography|402
2|Sources|406
1|Prison Law Reform|412
1|15 European and US Influences on the 19th Century Prison Reform|413
2|Abstract|413
2|1 The Origins of Prison Reform in Europe|413
2|2 Foreign Experiences and Influences Promoting Prison Reform on 19th Century|415
2|3 Conclusions|423
2|References|424