File #2750: "2019_Book_NordicLawInEuropeanContext.pdf"
Testo
1|Preface|6
1|Contents|8
1|1 Nordic Legal Mind|9
2|Abstract|9
2|1 Nordic Law|9
2|2 The Impact of “Old” Unions|13
2|3 Common Ways of Legal Thinking|16
2|4 Pragmatism and Realism|17
3|4.1 Against a Civil Code|17
3|4.2 Realism|20
2|5 Towards Common Legislation|22
2|6 Perspectives for the Future|24
2|References|26
1|2 Nordic Model of Welfare States|28
2|Abstract|28
2|1 Introduction|28
2|2 Welfare States and Expenditures|30
2|3 The Timing of Social Legislation|32
2|4 Financing the Welfare State and the Role of In-Kind Benefits|34
2|5 Equality|36
2|6 Challenges Facing the Nordic Family|39
2|7 From Welfare State Towards Competitive State?|44
2|References|46
1|3 Constitutional Mentality|47
2|Abstract|47
2|1 Introduction|47
2|2 The Nordic Constitutional Landscape|48
3|2.1 Constitutional Mentality|48
3|2.2 The Key Position of the Parliament|50
2|3 Constitutional Variations on a Nordic Theme|52
3|3.1 Finland’s Constitution|52
3|3.2 Sweden’s Constitution|55
3|3.3 Norway’s Constitution|57
3|3.4 Denmark’s Constitution|60
3|3.5 Iceland’s Constitution|62
2|4 Conclusion|63
2|References|65
1|4 Respecting Autonomies and Minorities|67
2|Abstract|67
2|1 Introduction|67
2|2 Nordic Territories with Special Status|68
3|2.1 Denmark and Finland: Differently Constructed States with Territorial Autonomies|68
3|2.2 Home Rule in the Faroe Islands|71
3|2.3 Greenland’s Self-government|73
3|2.4 Åland|74
2|3 Indigenous Peoples and Minorities|77
3|3.1 The Sami in Finland, Norway and Sweden|77
3|3.2 German Minority in Denmark|79
3|3.3 National Languages and Minority Groups in Finland|80
3|3.4 Minorities in Norway and Sweden|81
2|4 Conclusion|81
2|References|82
1|5 Promoting Gender Equality|84
2|Abstract|84
2|1 Introduction|84
2|2 Liberal Feminism and Gender Neutrality of Laws|87
2|3 State Feminism and Women’s Law|88
2|4 Equality Law|92
2|5 Gender Difference and Violence Against Women|94
2|6 Gender as a Social Construction|96
2|7 Conclusion|98
2|References|98
1|6 Marriage and Family Relations|101
2|Abstract|101
2|1 Introduction|101
2|2 Family Law|103
3|2.1 Changing Regimes of Marriage and Divorce|103
3|2.2 Property Relations Between Spouses|105
3|2.3 Same-Sex Relations|107
3|2.4 Property Relations Between Unmarried Cohabitees|108
2|3 The Legal Relationship Between Children and Parents|110
3|3.1 Legal Parenthood|110
3|3.2 Child Maintenance|111
3|3.3 Parental Responsibility|112
3|3.4 Parental Leave|113
2|4 The Law of Succession|114
2|5 Conclusion|116
2|References|116
1|7 Contracting with a Social Dimension|118
2|Abstract|118
2|1 Introduction|118
3|1.1 Nordic Contract Law|118
3|1.2 EU Impacts|119
3|1.3 CISG|121
2|2 General Principles|121
3|2.1 Rules and Principles|121
3|2.2 Freedom of Contract|122
3|2.3 Legitimate Expectations|123
3|2.4 Loyalty|124
3|2.5 Protecting the Weaker Party|125
3|2.6 Principle of Fairness as Balance|126
2|3 Social Civil Law|126
2|4 Consumer Protection|129
3|4.1 Sweden as the Forerunner|129
3|4.2 Adjusting Contracts|131
3|4.3 Consumer Protection Bodies|132
2|5 Debt Adjustment|133
2|References|135
1|8 Property and Its Limits|137
2|Abstract|137
2|1 Nordic Property Law?|137
2|2 Constitutional Protection of Property Rights|140
2|3 Real Property|141
3|3.1 Introduction|141
3|3.2 Acquisition of Real Property|141
3|3.3 Real Property as Security for Credit|143
3|3.4 Expropriation|144
3|3.5 Everyman’s Right|145
2|4 Movables|147
3|4.1 Introduction|147
3|4.2 Purchaser’s Protection Against Seller’s Creditors|147
3|4.3 Credit Security in Movables|150
2|5 Conclusion|152
2|References|152
1|9 Labour Market and Collective Agreements|154
2|Abstract|154
2|1 Introduction|154
2|2 Free Movement and Low-Wage Competition|156
3|2.1 Foreign Collective Agreements|156
3|2.2 The Right to Take Industrial Action as a Pivotal Force|157
3|2.3 Generally Applicable Collective Agreements|157
2|3 Freedom of Association|159
2|4 Changed Balance Between Legislation and Collective Agreements|160
2|5 Conclusion|161
2|References|162
1|10 Public Administration and Good Governance|163
2|Abstract|163
2|1 Introduction|163
3|1.1 The Structure of Administration|163
3|1.2 The Nordic Welfare Model and Administrative Regulation|164
2|2 Legal Framework|165
3|2.1 Rule of Law and the Executive|165
3|2.2 Basic Legal Principles of Nordic Administration|168
3|2.3 European Framework|169
2|3 The Right to Good Administration|170
3|3.1 Good Administration—Basic Requirements|170
3|3.2 Procedural Guarantees|171
2|4 Nordic Openness|172
3|4.1 The Principle of Openness|172
3|4.2 Access to Government-Held Information|173
2|5 Access to Justice and Supervision|174
3|5.1 Judicial Control of Administrative Action|174
3|5.2 Supervision of Legality and the Institution of Ombudsman|176
3|5.3 Accountability|177
2|References|177
1|11 Crime and Punishment|179
2|Abstract|179
2|1 Introduction|179
3|1.1 Early History|179
3|1.2 Modern Criminal Law Reform|180
3|1.3 Nordic Co-operation|181
3|1.4 Nordic Criminal Law Distancing Itself from the German Inheritance|182
3|1.5 European Legal Integration and the Nordic Model|183
2|2 Prison Reform and Penal Theories|184
3|2.1 Introducing Imprisonment in the 1800s|184
3|2.2 Towards Individualized Treatment and Cure|185
3|2.3 The Decline of the Rehabilitative Ideal|186
3|2.4 Prison Reform 2000 and Human Rights|188
2|3 Principles of Enforcement|190
3|3.1 Rights-Oriented Principles|190
3|3.2 Aim-Oriented Principles|192
3|3.3 Juveniles|194
2|4 Nordic Model—Past, Present and Future|194
3|4.1 Common Route with Different Paths|194
3|4.2 Nordic Penal Exceptionalism—Does It Exist, and Will It Last?|196
2|References|197
1|12 Courts and Court Proceedings|200
2|Abstract|200
2|1 Introduction|200
2|2 Historical Background|201
2|3 A Simple Court Structure with Little Specialisation|202
2|4 Judicial Discretion and Pragmatic Dispute Resolution|205
2|5 Oral Proceedings—With a Nordic Twist|207
2|6 Lay Participation (in Criminal Cases)|208
2|7 A Quasi-stare Decisis Principle|209
2|8 Conclusion: Nordic Courts and Nordic Judicial Dialogue|210
2|References|211
1|Contents|8
1|1 Nordic Legal Mind|9
2|Abstract|9
2|1 Nordic Law|9
2|2 The Impact of “Old” Unions|13
2|3 Common Ways of Legal Thinking|16
2|4 Pragmatism and Realism|17
3|4.1 Against a Civil Code|17
3|4.2 Realism|20
2|5 Towards Common Legislation|22
2|6 Perspectives for the Future|24
2|References|26
1|2 Nordic Model of Welfare States|28
2|Abstract|28
2|1 Introduction|28
2|2 Welfare States and Expenditures|30
2|3 The Timing of Social Legislation|32
2|4 Financing the Welfare State and the Role of In-Kind Benefits|34
2|5 Equality|36
2|6 Challenges Facing the Nordic Family|39
2|7 From Welfare State Towards Competitive State?|44
2|References|46
1|3 Constitutional Mentality|47
2|Abstract|47
2|1 Introduction|47
2|2 The Nordic Constitutional Landscape|48
3|2.1 Constitutional Mentality|48
3|2.2 The Key Position of the Parliament|50
2|3 Constitutional Variations on a Nordic Theme|52
3|3.1 Finland’s Constitution|52
3|3.2 Sweden’s Constitution|55
3|3.3 Norway’s Constitution|57
3|3.4 Denmark’s Constitution|60
3|3.5 Iceland’s Constitution|62
2|4 Conclusion|63
2|References|65
1|4 Respecting Autonomies and Minorities|67
2|Abstract|67
2|1 Introduction|67
2|2 Nordic Territories with Special Status|68
3|2.1 Denmark and Finland: Differently Constructed States with Territorial Autonomies|68
3|2.2 Home Rule in the Faroe Islands|71
3|2.3 Greenland’s Self-government|73
3|2.4 Åland|74
2|3 Indigenous Peoples and Minorities|77
3|3.1 The Sami in Finland, Norway and Sweden|77
3|3.2 German Minority in Denmark|79
3|3.3 National Languages and Minority Groups in Finland|80
3|3.4 Minorities in Norway and Sweden|81
2|4 Conclusion|81
2|References|82
1|5 Promoting Gender Equality|84
2|Abstract|84
2|1 Introduction|84
2|2 Liberal Feminism and Gender Neutrality of Laws|87
2|3 State Feminism and Women’s Law|88
2|4 Equality Law|92
2|5 Gender Difference and Violence Against Women|94
2|6 Gender as a Social Construction|96
2|7 Conclusion|98
2|References|98
1|6 Marriage and Family Relations|101
2|Abstract|101
2|1 Introduction|101
2|2 Family Law|103
3|2.1 Changing Regimes of Marriage and Divorce|103
3|2.2 Property Relations Between Spouses|105
3|2.3 Same-Sex Relations|107
3|2.4 Property Relations Between Unmarried Cohabitees|108
2|3 The Legal Relationship Between Children and Parents|110
3|3.1 Legal Parenthood|110
3|3.2 Child Maintenance|111
3|3.3 Parental Responsibility|112
3|3.4 Parental Leave|113
2|4 The Law of Succession|114
2|5 Conclusion|116
2|References|116
1|7 Contracting with a Social Dimension|118
2|Abstract|118
2|1 Introduction|118
3|1.1 Nordic Contract Law|118
3|1.2 EU Impacts|119
3|1.3 CISG|121
2|2 General Principles|121
3|2.1 Rules and Principles|121
3|2.2 Freedom of Contract|122
3|2.3 Legitimate Expectations|123
3|2.4 Loyalty|124
3|2.5 Protecting the Weaker Party|125
3|2.6 Principle of Fairness as Balance|126
2|3 Social Civil Law|126
2|4 Consumer Protection|129
3|4.1 Sweden as the Forerunner|129
3|4.2 Adjusting Contracts|131
3|4.3 Consumer Protection Bodies|132
2|5 Debt Adjustment|133
2|References|135
1|8 Property and Its Limits|137
2|Abstract|137
2|1 Nordic Property Law?|137
2|2 Constitutional Protection of Property Rights|140
2|3 Real Property|141
3|3.1 Introduction|141
3|3.2 Acquisition of Real Property|141
3|3.3 Real Property as Security for Credit|143
3|3.4 Expropriation|144
3|3.5 Everyman’s Right|145
2|4 Movables|147
3|4.1 Introduction|147
3|4.2 Purchaser’s Protection Against Seller’s Creditors|147
3|4.3 Credit Security in Movables|150
2|5 Conclusion|152
2|References|152
1|9 Labour Market and Collective Agreements|154
2|Abstract|154
2|1 Introduction|154
2|2 Free Movement and Low-Wage Competition|156
3|2.1 Foreign Collective Agreements|156
3|2.2 The Right to Take Industrial Action as a Pivotal Force|157
3|2.3 Generally Applicable Collective Agreements|157
2|3 Freedom of Association|159
2|4 Changed Balance Between Legislation and Collective Agreements|160
2|5 Conclusion|161
2|References|162
1|10 Public Administration and Good Governance|163
2|Abstract|163
2|1 Introduction|163
3|1.1 The Structure of Administration|163
3|1.2 The Nordic Welfare Model and Administrative Regulation|164
2|2 Legal Framework|165
3|2.1 Rule of Law and the Executive|165
3|2.2 Basic Legal Principles of Nordic Administration|168
3|2.3 European Framework|169
2|3 The Right to Good Administration|170
3|3.1 Good Administration—Basic Requirements|170
3|3.2 Procedural Guarantees|171
2|4 Nordic Openness|172
3|4.1 The Principle of Openness|172
3|4.2 Access to Government-Held Information|173
2|5 Access to Justice and Supervision|174
3|5.1 Judicial Control of Administrative Action|174
3|5.2 Supervision of Legality and the Institution of Ombudsman|176
3|5.3 Accountability|177
2|References|177
1|11 Crime and Punishment|179
2|Abstract|179
2|1 Introduction|179
3|1.1 Early History|179
3|1.2 Modern Criminal Law Reform|180
3|1.3 Nordic Co-operation|181
3|1.4 Nordic Criminal Law Distancing Itself from the German Inheritance|182
3|1.5 European Legal Integration and the Nordic Model|183
2|2 Prison Reform and Penal Theories|184
3|2.1 Introducing Imprisonment in the 1800s|184
3|2.2 Towards Individualized Treatment and Cure|185
3|2.3 The Decline of the Rehabilitative Ideal|186
3|2.4 Prison Reform 2000 and Human Rights|188
2|3 Principles of Enforcement|190
3|3.1 Rights-Oriented Principles|190
3|3.2 Aim-Oriented Principles|192
3|3.3 Juveniles|194
2|4 Nordic Model—Past, Present and Future|194
3|4.1 Common Route with Different Paths|194
3|4.2 Nordic Penal Exceptionalism—Does It Exist, and Will It Last?|196
2|References|197
1|12 Courts and Court Proceedings|200
2|Abstract|200
2|1 Introduction|200
2|2 Historical Background|201
2|3 A Simple Court Structure with Little Specialisation|202
2|4 Judicial Discretion and Pragmatic Dispute Resolution|205
2|5 Oral Proceedings—With a Nordic Twist|207
2|6 Lay Participation (in Criminal Cases)|208
2|7 A Quasi-stare Decisis Principle|209
2|8 Conclusion: Nordic Courts and Nordic Judicial Dialogue|210
2|References|211