File #2813: "2020_Book_IntimatePartnerViolenceAndTheL.pdf"
Testo
1|Foreword|5
1|Preface|7
1|Contents|9
1|Editor and Contributors|11
1|Part I The Scope of the Problem: Methodological and Theoretical Perspectives|13
1|1 Introduction: A Call to Action|14
2|The Purpose of This Book|17
2|Organization of the Book|17
2|References|19
1|2 Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence in LGBTQ Individuals: An Intersectional Approach|21
2|Introduction|21
3|What Is IPV?|21
3|Prevalence of IPV in the United States|21
3|Study of IPV in LGBTQ Individuals|22
3|Is IPV the Same in LGBTQ and Heterosexual Cisgender Populations?|23
2|Methodological Problems in Studying IPV Among LGBTQ Populations|24
3|Measuring IPV|24
3|Defining the LGBTQ Population|26
3|Sampling the Population|26
2|Intersecting Roles of Gender, Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, Age, and Racial/Ethnic Identity|27
3|Prevalence in Cisgender Lesbians, Bisexual Women and Other Women Having Sex with Women|27
3|Prevalence in Cisgender Gay Men, Bisexual Men, and Other Men Having Sex with Men|28
3|Gender as an Intersecting Variable|29
3|Prevalence in Transgender Individuals: Gender Identity as an Intersecting Variable|30
3|Age as an Intersecting Variable|32
3|Prevalence in LGBTQ Adolescents|32
3|Prevalence in Older LGBTQ Individuals|33
3|Racial/Ethnic Identity as an Intersecting Variable|34
3|Prevalence of IPV in LGBTQ Individuals Varying in Racial/Ethnic Identity|34
2|Conclusion|36
2|References|37
1|3 On the Importance of Feminist Theories: Gender, Race, Sexuality and IPV|47
2|Feminist Theories and IPV|47
3|Second Wave Feminisms|47
3|Post-Structuralist Feminist Theories|52
3|Queer Theor(ies)|55
2|Theory and IPV: Implications for Policy and Treatment|58
2|References|59
1|4 Identifying Influences on Interpersonal Violence in LGBTQ Relationships Through an Ecological Framework: A Synthesis of the Literature|63
2|Introduction|63
2|Social-Ecological Frameworks|64
3|Ontogenic|64
3|Microsystem|64
3|Exosystem|65
3|Macrosystem|65
3|Mesosystem|65
2|Feminist Theory’s Successes and Limitations|66
2|Empirical Research on IPV Within LGBTQ Relationships|66
3|Overview of Literature|67
3|Ontogenic|67
3|Microsystem/Relational|71
3|Exosystem|72
3|Macrosystem|73
3|Mesosystem|73
2|Conclusion|74
2|References|75
1|5 Who’s the Victim Here? The Role of Gender, Social Norms, and Heteronormativity in the IPV Gender Symmetry Debate|78
2|Gender Symmetry Debate|78
3|Defining IPV|79
3|The Statistics|80
3|Reporting Outcomes for IPV Victims|81
2|Theories of Intimate Partner Violence|82
3|Feminist Theory|82
3|Johnson’s Four Typologies of IPV|83
2|Variables Influencing IPV Perceptions|85
3|Gender Norms and Stereotypes|85
3|Unilateral Versus Bilateral Violence|88
3|IPV in Same-Sex Relationships|89
3|Heteronormativity|90
3|Same-Sex Versus Opposite-Sex IPV|90
2|Conclusion|91
2|References|92
1|Part II A Broader Understanding of Partner Violence and Barriers to Help-Seeking|98
1|6 Trans Prejudice and Its Potential Links to IPV Among Trans People|99
2|Introduction|99
2|Definition of Terms|100
2|Predictors of Trans Prejudice|101
3|Gender|101
3|Sexual Orientation|104
3|Additional Variables|105
3|Reducing Trans Prejudice|107
2|Trans Prejudice and IPV Among Trans People|108
3|Measuring IPV in the Trans Community|108
3|Violence Toward Trans Intimate Partners|109
3|Familial Influences and Perceptions|110
3|Health and Welfare Provider Response|110
2|Conclusion|111
2|References|112
1|7 Understanding Power Dynamics in Bisexual Intimate Partner Violence: Looking in the Gap|119
2|Being Bisexual: The Current Societal Context|119
3|IPV: Adopting a Bisexual Lens|121
3|The Bisexual Experience of IPV|122
3|Exploring Intersectionality|124
3|Getting Help|127
3|Implications for Screening, Practice, and Interventions|130
3|Criminal Justice Response and Policy Implications|135
3|Researching, Capturing, and Understanding the Bisexual Experience|136
2|Conclusion|139
2|References|140
1|8 Help-Seeking Barriers Among Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals Who Experience Intimate Partner Violence Victimization|146
2|IPV Victimization Prevalence Among SGM Individuals|147
3|SGM IPV in the Context of Minority Stress|148
3|Identity Abuse as a Form of IPV Victimization|149
3|Health Consequences of Experiencing IPV Victimization|149
2|Help-Seeking Processes Among Individuals Who Experience IPV Victimization|150
3|IPV-Related Help-Seeking Patterns Among SGM Individuals|150
3|Minority Stress as a Social Determinant of Help-Seeking Barriers Among SGM Individuals|151
3|Individual-Level Minority Stressors and IPV-Related Help-Seeking Barriers|152
3|Interpersonal-Level Minority Stressors and IPV-Related Help-Seeking Barriers|153
3|Structural-Level Minority Stressors and IPV-Related Help-Seeking Barriers|155
2|Practice and Policy Implications|157
3|Trauma-Informed Care for SGM Individuals Who Experience IPV Victimization|158
3|System-Level Changes to Address Structural Barriers to Help Seeking|159
2|Summary and Future Directions|160
2|References|161
1|Part III Intervention and Prevention of IPV Among Sexual Minorities|166
1|9 Primary Prevention of Intimate Partner Violence Among Sexual and Gender Minorities|167
2|Overview and Chapter Aims|167
2|Risk and Protective Factors for IPV Among SGMs|168
3|SGM-Specific Risk and Protective Factors|170
2|Existing IPV Prevention Programs and Their Impact on Rates of IPV Among SGMs|171
3|Existing IPV Prevention Programs|171
2|Reducing Minority Stress Among SGMs|174
3|Programs that Seek to Reduce Minority Stress in SGMs via Resilience and Coping|174
3|Initiatives that Seek to Directly Address the Source of Minority Stress|175
2|Research, Practice, and Policy Implications|176
2|References|177
1|10 Learning What You Need: Modifying Treatment Programs for LGBTQ Perpetrators of IPV|183
2|Introduction|183
2|BIPs as the Predominant Treatment Option for Perpetrators of IPV|184
2|IPV in LGBTQ Relationships|186
3|Group Comparisons|186
3|Exacerbated Circumstances of Transgender Individuals|186
2|Batterer Intervention Programs|187
3|State Standards for BIPs|187
2|LGBTQ Prevalence, Problems, and Recommendations in Batterer Intervention Programs|188
3|LGBTQ BIPS Recommendations|188
3|Treatment Modifications for LGBTQ BIPs|189
3|LGBTQ Organization Engagements with IPV|191
3|Feminist Versus Family Theoretical Perspectives for LGBTQ Abusers|193
3|Creating a Multidimensional Treatment and Intervention Network|194
2|Implications for Future Research, Treatment, and Policy|195
2|References|196
1|11 Beyond Gender: Finding Common Ground in Evidence-Based Batterer Intervention|200
2|Introduction: Batterer Intervention Today|200
3|Current Research on IPV|201
3|Primary BIP Treatment Models|203
3|Controversy and Mistrust|204
2|Evidence-Based Practice|205
3|Problem of Bias and Subjectivity|205
3|Research on BIPs|207
3|Treatment Strategies for IPV Reduction|210
2|Finding Common Ground|212
3|Overlap Across Treatment Models|212
3|Peer Versus Therapist Group Facilitation|213
3|Engaging Clients|214
3|Implications for Group Treatment|217
2|Conclusions and Recommendations|218
3|Making Gender Relevant Again|220
2|References|222
1|Part IV Outreach and Advocacy|229
1|12 Lessons Learned: One Researcher’s Same-Sex IPV Journey|230
2|References|237
1|13 Intimate Partner Violence Among Older LGBT Adults: Unique Risk Factors, Issues in Reporting and Treatment, and Recommendations for Research, Practice, and Policy|239
2|Measurement Issues and Prevalence Rates|240
2|Risk Factors|242
2|Theoretical Perspectives and Pervasive Myths|242
2|Unique Age and LGBT Related Presentations|244
2|Barriers to Assessment and Treatment|246
3|Variable Community Support|246
3|Age-Related Obstacles to Assistance|246
3|Challenges to Assessment and Treatment|247
2|Future Directions|249
3|Recommendations for Research|249
3|Recommendations for Practice|250
3|Recommendations for Policy|252
2|Conclusion|253
2|References|253
1|Part V Criminal Justice Response|257
1|14 Identifying and Responding to LGBT+ Intimate Partner Violence from a Criminal Justice Perspective|258
2|On the Road to Equality: The Role of Discretion|258
2|Intimate Partner Violence Within the LGBT+ Community|260
3|Prevalence Rates of LGBT+ IPV|260
3|Heteronormative Assumptions and the Relation to Identification and Response to IPV|262
3|Heteronormative Bias and the History of Criminality of LGBT+|264
3|Social Services and Health Care Providers|264
3|Law Enforcement Attitudes and Response|267
3|Law Enforcement Training in IPV and LGBT+|268
3|Screening Tools for Identifying and Helping Victims|268
3|Police Officer Perceptions|269
3|Studies on LGBT+ in the Courts|271
3|Policy|273
2|Conclusion|274
2|References|275
1|15 Policing Transgender People and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)|282
2|Introduction|282
2|The Transgender Community and Police Relationship|283
3|Stigma and Oppression of Minority Groups|283
3|Influences of Police Culture|288
3|Policing IPV in the Transgender Community|290
2|Conclusion|298
2|References|301
1|Index|306
1|Preface|7
1|Contents|9
1|Editor and Contributors|11
1|Part I The Scope of the Problem: Methodological and Theoretical Perspectives|13
1|1 Introduction: A Call to Action|14
2|The Purpose of This Book|17
2|Organization of the Book|17
2|References|19
1|2 Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence in LGBTQ Individuals: An Intersectional Approach|21
2|Introduction|21
3|What Is IPV?|21
3|Prevalence of IPV in the United States|21
3|Study of IPV in LGBTQ Individuals|22
3|Is IPV the Same in LGBTQ and Heterosexual Cisgender Populations?|23
2|Methodological Problems in Studying IPV Among LGBTQ Populations|24
3|Measuring IPV|24
3|Defining the LGBTQ Population|26
3|Sampling the Population|26
2|Intersecting Roles of Gender, Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, Age, and Racial/Ethnic Identity|27
3|Prevalence in Cisgender Lesbians, Bisexual Women and Other Women Having Sex with Women|27
3|Prevalence in Cisgender Gay Men, Bisexual Men, and Other Men Having Sex with Men|28
3|Gender as an Intersecting Variable|29
3|Prevalence in Transgender Individuals: Gender Identity as an Intersecting Variable|30
3|Age as an Intersecting Variable|32
3|Prevalence in LGBTQ Adolescents|32
3|Prevalence in Older LGBTQ Individuals|33
3|Racial/Ethnic Identity as an Intersecting Variable|34
3|Prevalence of IPV in LGBTQ Individuals Varying in Racial/Ethnic Identity|34
2|Conclusion|36
2|References|37
1|3 On the Importance of Feminist Theories: Gender, Race, Sexuality and IPV|47
2|Feminist Theories and IPV|47
3|Second Wave Feminisms|47
3|Post-Structuralist Feminist Theories|52
3|Queer Theor(ies)|55
2|Theory and IPV: Implications for Policy and Treatment|58
2|References|59
1|4 Identifying Influences on Interpersonal Violence in LGBTQ Relationships Through an Ecological Framework: A Synthesis of the Literature|63
2|Introduction|63
2|Social-Ecological Frameworks|64
3|Ontogenic|64
3|Microsystem|64
3|Exosystem|65
3|Macrosystem|65
3|Mesosystem|65
2|Feminist Theory’s Successes and Limitations|66
2|Empirical Research on IPV Within LGBTQ Relationships|66
3|Overview of Literature|67
3|Ontogenic|67
3|Microsystem/Relational|71
3|Exosystem|72
3|Macrosystem|73
3|Mesosystem|73
2|Conclusion|74
2|References|75
1|5 Who’s the Victim Here? The Role of Gender, Social Norms, and Heteronormativity in the IPV Gender Symmetry Debate|78
2|Gender Symmetry Debate|78
3|Defining IPV|79
3|The Statistics|80
3|Reporting Outcomes for IPV Victims|81
2|Theories of Intimate Partner Violence|82
3|Feminist Theory|82
3|Johnson’s Four Typologies of IPV|83
2|Variables Influencing IPV Perceptions|85
3|Gender Norms and Stereotypes|85
3|Unilateral Versus Bilateral Violence|88
3|IPV in Same-Sex Relationships|89
3|Heteronormativity|90
3|Same-Sex Versus Opposite-Sex IPV|90
2|Conclusion|91
2|References|92
1|Part II A Broader Understanding of Partner Violence and Barriers to Help-Seeking|98
1|6 Trans Prejudice and Its Potential Links to IPV Among Trans People|99
2|Introduction|99
2|Definition of Terms|100
2|Predictors of Trans Prejudice|101
3|Gender|101
3|Sexual Orientation|104
3|Additional Variables|105
3|Reducing Trans Prejudice|107
2|Trans Prejudice and IPV Among Trans People|108
3|Measuring IPV in the Trans Community|108
3|Violence Toward Trans Intimate Partners|109
3|Familial Influences and Perceptions|110
3|Health and Welfare Provider Response|110
2|Conclusion|111
2|References|112
1|7 Understanding Power Dynamics in Bisexual Intimate Partner Violence: Looking in the Gap|119
2|Being Bisexual: The Current Societal Context|119
3|IPV: Adopting a Bisexual Lens|121
3|The Bisexual Experience of IPV|122
3|Exploring Intersectionality|124
3|Getting Help|127
3|Implications for Screening, Practice, and Interventions|130
3|Criminal Justice Response and Policy Implications|135
3|Researching, Capturing, and Understanding the Bisexual Experience|136
2|Conclusion|139
2|References|140
1|8 Help-Seeking Barriers Among Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals Who Experience Intimate Partner Violence Victimization|146
2|IPV Victimization Prevalence Among SGM Individuals|147
3|SGM IPV in the Context of Minority Stress|148
3|Identity Abuse as a Form of IPV Victimization|149
3|Health Consequences of Experiencing IPV Victimization|149
2|Help-Seeking Processes Among Individuals Who Experience IPV Victimization|150
3|IPV-Related Help-Seeking Patterns Among SGM Individuals|150
3|Minority Stress as a Social Determinant of Help-Seeking Barriers Among SGM Individuals|151
3|Individual-Level Minority Stressors and IPV-Related Help-Seeking Barriers|152
3|Interpersonal-Level Minority Stressors and IPV-Related Help-Seeking Barriers|153
3|Structural-Level Minority Stressors and IPV-Related Help-Seeking Barriers|155
2|Practice and Policy Implications|157
3|Trauma-Informed Care for SGM Individuals Who Experience IPV Victimization|158
3|System-Level Changes to Address Structural Barriers to Help Seeking|159
2|Summary and Future Directions|160
2|References|161
1|Part III Intervention and Prevention of IPV Among Sexual Minorities|166
1|9 Primary Prevention of Intimate Partner Violence Among Sexual and Gender Minorities|167
2|Overview and Chapter Aims|167
2|Risk and Protective Factors for IPV Among SGMs|168
3|SGM-Specific Risk and Protective Factors|170
2|Existing IPV Prevention Programs and Their Impact on Rates of IPV Among SGMs|171
3|Existing IPV Prevention Programs|171
2|Reducing Minority Stress Among SGMs|174
3|Programs that Seek to Reduce Minority Stress in SGMs via Resilience and Coping|174
3|Initiatives that Seek to Directly Address the Source of Minority Stress|175
2|Research, Practice, and Policy Implications|176
2|References|177
1|10 Learning What You Need: Modifying Treatment Programs for LGBTQ Perpetrators of IPV|183
2|Introduction|183
2|BIPs as the Predominant Treatment Option for Perpetrators of IPV|184
2|IPV in LGBTQ Relationships|186
3|Group Comparisons|186
3|Exacerbated Circumstances of Transgender Individuals|186
2|Batterer Intervention Programs|187
3|State Standards for BIPs|187
2|LGBTQ Prevalence, Problems, and Recommendations in Batterer Intervention Programs|188
3|LGBTQ BIPS Recommendations|188
3|Treatment Modifications for LGBTQ BIPs|189
3|LGBTQ Organization Engagements with IPV|191
3|Feminist Versus Family Theoretical Perspectives for LGBTQ Abusers|193
3|Creating a Multidimensional Treatment and Intervention Network|194
2|Implications for Future Research, Treatment, and Policy|195
2|References|196
1|11 Beyond Gender: Finding Common Ground in Evidence-Based Batterer Intervention|200
2|Introduction: Batterer Intervention Today|200
3|Current Research on IPV|201
3|Primary BIP Treatment Models|203
3|Controversy and Mistrust|204
2|Evidence-Based Practice|205
3|Problem of Bias and Subjectivity|205
3|Research on BIPs|207
3|Treatment Strategies for IPV Reduction|210
2|Finding Common Ground|212
3|Overlap Across Treatment Models|212
3|Peer Versus Therapist Group Facilitation|213
3|Engaging Clients|214
3|Implications for Group Treatment|217
2|Conclusions and Recommendations|218
3|Making Gender Relevant Again|220
2|References|222
1|Part IV Outreach and Advocacy|229
1|12 Lessons Learned: One Researcher’s Same-Sex IPV Journey|230
2|References|237
1|13 Intimate Partner Violence Among Older LGBT Adults: Unique Risk Factors, Issues in Reporting and Treatment, and Recommendations for Research, Practice, and Policy|239
2|Measurement Issues and Prevalence Rates|240
2|Risk Factors|242
2|Theoretical Perspectives and Pervasive Myths|242
2|Unique Age and LGBT Related Presentations|244
2|Barriers to Assessment and Treatment|246
3|Variable Community Support|246
3|Age-Related Obstacles to Assistance|246
3|Challenges to Assessment and Treatment|247
2|Future Directions|249
3|Recommendations for Research|249
3|Recommendations for Practice|250
3|Recommendations for Policy|252
2|Conclusion|253
2|References|253
1|Part V Criminal Justice Response|257
1|14 Identifying and Responding to LGBT+ Intimate Partner Violence from a Criminal Justice Perspective|258
2|On the Road to Equality: The Role of Discretion|258
2|Intimate Partner Violence Within the LGBT+ Community|260
3|Prevalence Rates of LGBT+ IPV|260
3|Heteronormative Assumptions and the Relation to Identification and Response to IPV|262
3|Heteronormative Bias and the History of Criminality of LGBT+|264
3|Social Services and Health Care Providers|264
3|Law Enforcement Attitudes and Response|267
3|Law Enforcement Training in IPV and LGBT+|268
3|Screening Tools for Identifying and Helping Victims|268
3|Police Officer Perceptions|269
3|Studies on LGBT+ in the Courts|271
3|Policy|273
2|Conclusion|274
2|References|275
1|15 Policing Transgender People and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)|282
2|Introduction|282
2|The Transgender Community and Police Relationship|283
3|Stigma and Oppression of Minority Groups|283
3|Influences of Police Culture|288
3|Policing IPV in the Transgender Community|290
2|Conclusion|298
2|References|301
1|Index|306